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高速公路收费经营企业的发展战略是基于高速公路的基本特征及其未来发展趋势的前提下制定的,因此,理解高速公路的产业特征是制定高速经营发展战略的前提,同时企业战略思想的把握决定着高速公路企业经营发展战略的制定方向。 相似文献
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With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper. 相似文献
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The number of variables involved in the monitoring of an ecosystem can be high and often one of the first stages in the analysis is to reduce the number of variables. We describe a method developed for geological purposes, using the information theory, that enables selection of the most relevant variables. This technique also allows the examination of the asymmetrical relationships between variables. Applied to a set of physical and biological variables (plankton assemblages in four areas of the North Sea), the method shows that biological variables are more informative than physical variables although the controlling factors are mainly physical (sea surface temperature in winter and spring). Among biological variables, diversity measures and warm-water species assemblages are informative for the state of the North Sea pelagic ecosystems while among physical variables sea surface temperature in late winter and early spring are highly informative. Although often used in bioclimatology, the utilisation of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index does not seem to provide a lot of information. The method reveals that only the extreme states of this index has an influence on North Sea pelagic ecosystems. The substantial and persistent changes that were detected in the dynamic regime of the North Sea ecosystems and called regime shift are detected by the method and corresponds to the timing of other shifts described in the literature for some European Systems such as the Baltic and the Mediterranean Sea when both physical and biological variables are considered. 相似文献
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通过分析温度对混凝土的损伤机理,尤其是混凝土冻害机理,发展了抗冻临界强度理论和早期结构形成学说,从微观角度定性地描述了负温混凝土防止早期冻害所要形成的结构为抗冻临界界面结构。 相似文献
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Objective To characterize the abrasive wear of polymer tapes in ATM (Auto Teller Machine) servicing in sand dust environment. Aethods The abrasive wear experiment of polymer tapes, PEN (polyethylene-2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) and PI (polyimide), by sand dust particles is performed in ATM tribosystem. The fractal characteristics of the worn surface of polymer tapes and the corresponding wear mechanisms are examined. ReSults As main results, the worn surfaces of polymer tapes show bi-fractal characteristics, and PI tape shows higher fractal dimensions and finer wear profiles than PEN tape. Wear mechanism examination shows macro and micro ploughing and cutting grooves and micro fracture characters, which gives reasonable explanation of bi-fractal character of worn polymer tapes. Conclusion Worn polymer tape shows fractal character and bi-fractal can be used in accurately characterizing the abrasive wear of polymer tapes of ATM in sand dust environment. 相似文献
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探讨了一种图论与故障树结合的方法,可用于复杂控制系统的故障诊断,主要采用故障树图论模型的算法实现系统的故障诊断。图论(有向图)可直观反映故障传播关系,把故障节点分层,用矩阵表示节点与顶事件的关系,通过矩阵运算出各层节点到顶事件的通路长度,通过底事件的失效率算出各节点关键重要度,确定每条通路的权值,进而确定每一层故障节点的排查次序。矩阵表示便于计算机处理,避开了寻找故障树割集或路集的困难,提高了诊断效率。 相似文献