面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的高速公路工况识别

为解决商用车行驶工况优化设计中确定工况类型的问题,研究商用车行驶工况特性,提出一种基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别方法。利用21辆长途运营商用车采集的106 200 km行驶工况数据,以3 km为单位进行分割,共获得35 230段有效试验路段数据(其中:高速公路27 986段;一般公路6 124段;城市公路1 120段)。以该数据为基础,根据朴素贝叶斯方法分析汽车运行过程中的平均速度和挡位统计信息,确定面向商用车行驶工况优化设计的阈值划分区间,获得相关的先验概率和条件概率,利用MATLAB软件进行编程计算,对高速公路工况进行了识别分析。研究结果表明:高速公路工况识别的正确率到达88.26%,高速公路工况被误判为一般公路工况的误判率为9.54%,高速公路工况被误判为城市公路工况的误判率为2.20%;基于朴素贝叶斯方法的高速公路工况识别能够为商用车行驶工况优化设计提供一种有效的高速公路工况识别方法。     

纤维增强混凝土抗冻性试验研究

设计4种混凝土,即基准混凝土、钢纤维增强混凝土、耐碱玻璃纤维增强混凝土及聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土,以此4种混凝土为研究对象,进行混凝土抗冻性试验。试验结果表明:纤维增强混凝土的抗冻性能好于基准混凝土的抗冻性能;本试验的3种纤维增强混凝土中,抗冻性能最好的是聚丙烯纤维增强混凝土,其次是耐碱玻璃纤维增强混凝土,再次是钢纤维增强混凝土。     

氯盐融雪剂对沥青混合料低温抗裂性的影响

采用低温弯曲试验研究了AC-13型沥青混合料在浓度为3％、10％和20％的氯盐融雪剂溶液中冻融后的的低温稳定性能,评价指标为抗弯拉强度、最大弯拉应变、弯曲劲度模量和弯曲应变能密度临界值,分别研究了冻融循环龄期和氯盐浓度对弯曲试验结果的影响。并采用XRD和SEM微观测试技术,分析沥青混合料的内部产物和形貌,探讨氯盐和冻融对沥青混合料的破坏机理。结果表明：冻融循环和氯盐融雪剂溶液浓度是影响沥青混合料低温抗裂性的重要因素。随冻融循环龄期的增长,沥青混合料弯曲劲度模量增大,应变能密度临界值减小,且融雪剂溶液浓度越大,对沥青混合料低温稳定性影响越小。     

混凝土抗冻等级F和混凝土抗冻耐久性指数DF之间的关联

抗冻性作为衡量混凝土结构耐久性的重要指标,现行的混凝土结构设计、施工、验收规范和混凝土结构耐久性规范都有描述,两类规范用不同的指标(抗冻等级F与抗冻耐久性指数DF)衡量。通过有关混凝土抗冻性的诸多规范(规程、标准),明确了抗冻等级F与抗冻耐久性指数DF之间的关系,并阐明了抗冻等级F和抗冻耐久性指数DF衡量同一环境相同部位混凝土结构的抗冻性能时的不匹配性。然后,根据对诸多规范(规程、标准)的有关混凝土抗冻性内容的理解,将抗冻等级F与抗冻耐久性指数DF紧密连接成相辅相成的统一整体。     

不同路况下汽车行驶工况的测试与分析

利用自主开发的一套车载测试系统，采用双参数法（发动机转速和发动机转矩）对试验车辆在不同道路上行驶时的实际行驶工况进行统计分析，从而分析比较了不同路况下车辆行驶工况分布以及档位使用概率的差别，为试验车辆传动系统及发动机性能的优化匹配提供试验依据．     

Study of the seasonal cycle of the biogeochemical processes in the Ligurian Sea using a 1D interdisciplinary model

A one-dimensional coupled physical–biogeochemical model has been built to study the pelagic food web of the Ligurian Sea (NW Mediterranean Sea). The physical model is the turbulent closure model (version 1D) developed at the GeoHydrodynamics and Environmental Laboratory (GHER) of the University of Liège. The ecosystem model contains 19 state variables describing the carbon and nitrogen cycles of the pelagic food web. Phytoplankton and zooplankton are both divided in three size-based compartments and the model includes an explicit representation of the microbial loop including bacteria, dissolved organic matter, nano-, and microzooplankton. The internal carbon/nitrogen ratio is assumed variable for phytoplankton and detritus, and constant for zooplankton and bacteria. Silicate is considered as a potential limiting nutrient of phytoplankton's growth. The aggregation model described by Kriest and Evans in (Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., Earth Planet. Sci. 109 (4) (2000) 453) is used to evaluate the sinking rate of particulate detritus. The model is forced at the air–sea interface by meteorological data coming from the “Côte d'Azur” Meteorological Buoy. The dynamics of atmospheric fluxes in the Mediterranean Sea (DYFAMED) time-series data obtained during the year 2000 are used to calibrate and validate the biological model. The comparison of model results within in situ DYFAMED data shows that although some processes are not represented by the model, such as horizontal and vertical advections, model results are overall in agreement with observations and differences observed can be explained with environmental conditions.     

青藏高原多年冻土地段灌注桩混凝土的研究和对策

研究目的:针对青藏高原多年冻土地段建设铁路、公路遇到桥跨结构混凝土灌注桩基强度的发展,耐久性和热传递对冻土结构扰动的技术难题等情况,提出相应对策。研究方法:对青藏公路桥基混凝土的耐久性破坏进行调研、室内模拟试验、现场暴露试验及清水河、昆仑山口桩基试验。研究结果:青藏公路冻土地段桩基混凝土长期处于恒负温下,硬化强度达不到设计等级;耐久性破坏主因是正、负温频繁交替引发冻融破坏,未发现有硫酸盐侵蚀破坏迹象;混凝土初温和水化热使界面冻土结构破坏,较长时间后,界面冻土才能回复到原始冻结状态。研究结论:掺用引气减水剂或早强引气减水剂拌制低温早强耐久混凝土可以满足对于混凝土灌注桩强度、耐久性和冻土结构稳定性的要求。若采用负温(-5~-20℃)混凝土方案时,须注意抗冻剂可能产生对界面冻土结构稳定性和环保的负面影响。     

Analysis of the hydrophysical structure of the Sea of Azov in the period of the bottom anoxia development

The hydrophysical and hydrochemical structure of the Sea of Azov, with developed bottom anoxia, was studied during the RV “Akvanavt” cruise from July 31 to August 03, 2001. The anoxic zone with a thickness from 0.5 to 4 m above the bottom was found in all deep regions of the Sea. Concentrations of hydrochemical parameters were similar to the pronounced anoxic conditions (about 90 mmol m^− 3 of hydrogen sulfide, 17 mmol m^− 3 of ammonia, 6 mmol m^− 3 of phosphate, 7 mmol m^− 3 of total manganese). The hydrophysical structure was characterized by the uniform distribution of temperature in the upper 6–7 m mixed layer (UML). Below this a thin (0.4–0.8 m) thermocline layer was observed, just above the anoxic waters. Formation of this phenomenon was connected with that summer weather conditions. Intensive rains led to increased influx of river waters in June. That resulted in large input of allochtonous organic matter (OM) and inorganic nutrients; the latter were consumed on the additional autochthonous organic matter production. In July the weather was characterized by a significant rise in the daily averaged air temperature and large oscillations of temperature during the day. In this period a wind of constant direction was absent, but wind bursts were observed. The completed analyses showed that the formation of such a structure could be connected with the following factors: (i) positive growth trends of the daily averaged temperature and the daily oscillations of temperature, (ii) presence of wind bursts. The joint action of these factors resulted in the formation of the UML. The amplitude of wind bursts determined the depth of UML, and the value of trend determined the value of the temperature change in the thermocline. An initial presence of bottom halocline (caused by the Black Sea water influx to the bottom of the Sea of Azov) prevented the heating of the bottom layer and therefore led to an increase of vertical gradient of temperature in the thermocline. The spatial distribution of the turbulent exchange coefficient confirmed the existence of a “stagnation” area located above the anoxia zone, which is also, apparently, the reason for its occurrence.     

Impacts of driving patterns on tank-to-wheel energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles

We evaluate the implications of a range of driving patterns on the tank-to-wheel energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The driving patterns, which reflect short distance, low speed, and congested city driving to long distance, high speed, and uncongested highway driving, are estimated using an approach that involves linked traffic assignment and vehicle motion models. We find substantial variation in tank-to-wheel energy use of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles across driving patterns. Tank-to-wheel petroleum energy use on a per kilometer basis is lowest for the city and highest for the highway driving, with the opposite holding for a conventional internal combustion engine vehicle.     

干湿循环下花岗岩残积土路堑边坡稳定性研究

干湿循环对花岗岩残积土抗剪强度有明显的影响,其会影响路堑边坡的稳定性.利用前人研究成果获得花岗岩残积土在干湿循环荷载作用下的抗剪强度变化规律,并利用数值软件PLAXIS研究考虑干湿循环条件下花岗岩残积土强度变化的路堑边坡稳定性特性,评估干湿循环对花岗岩残积土路堑边坡稳定性的影响.数值模型首先与前人研究成果进行比对获得了...