基于EDI的集装箱运价指数生成与技术分析

为克服目前集装箱运价指数计算中所存在的抽样信息不全面和干扰信息过多等缺陷,通过采用港航电子数据交换(EDI)源信息来生成集装箱运价指数,并展开相应的技术分析。研究表明:这一途径是可行的。     

货车制动梁常见故障的分析及对策

通过对运用中货车制动梁出现的故障进行分析,提出了防止故障的措施和建议。     

转K7型转向架的研制

介绍了转K7型转向架的设计原理、主要技术特点、主要技术参数、主要结构以及试验和运用情况。     

On-track test of tilt control strategies for less motion sickness on tilting trains

Carbody tilting is today a mature and inexpensive technology that permits higher train speeds in horizontal curves, thus shortening travel time. However, tilting trains run a greater risk of causing motion sickness than non-tilting ones. It is likely that the difference in motions between the two train types contributes to the observed difference in risk of motion sickness. Decreasing the risk of motion sickness has until now been equal to increasing the discomfort related to quasi-static lateral acceleration. But, there is a difference in time perception between discomfort caused by quasi-static quantities and motion sickness, which opens up for new solutions. One proposed strategy is to let the local track conditions influence the tilt and give each curve its own optimised tilt angle. This is made possible by new tilt algorithms, storing track data and using a positioning system to select the appropriate data. The present paper reports from on-track tests involving more than 100 test subjects onboard a tilting train. A technical approach is taken evaluating the effectiveness of the new tilt algorithms and the different requirements on quasi-static lateral acceleration and lateral jerk in relative terms. The evaluation verifies that the rms values important for motion sickness can be influenced without changing the requirements on quasi-static lateral acceleration and lateral jerk. The evaluation shows that reduced quantities of motions assumed to have a relation to motion sickness also lead to a reduction in experienced motion sickness. However, a limitation of applicability is found as the lowest risk of motion sickness was not recorded for the test case with motions closest to those of a non-tilting train. An optimal level of tilt, different from no tilt at all, is obtained. This non-linear relation has been observed by other researchers in laboratory tests.     

Challenges raised by freight for the operations planning of a shared-use rail network. A French perspective

Operating rail infrastructures that are shared among different uses is complex. In Western Europe, the predominance of passenger traffic over freight has traditionally led to thorough scheduling of capacity use, with an increasing tendency to anticipate through the design of regular-interval timetables. The paper discusses the specific challenges posed by fitting freight into the timetabling process for a mixed-use rail network, based on current French experience. The analysis is carried out from the perspective of the infrastructure manager. It is mainly supported by the results of a series of about 30 interviews, carried out in 2012 and 2013 with the parties involved in the timetabling process. The paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the process in terms of organization, rules and practices, with an emphasis on the characteristics of freight traffic compared with passenger traffic. The author highlights three key management issues for the French infrastructure manager when dealing with freight: (1) the uncertainty surrounding the mid-long term development of the rail freight market at the national level; (2) the heterogeneity resulting from the diversity of commodities, convoys and profiles and behaviors of the capacity applicants; (3) the volatility of some freight traffic resulting in a great amount of activity in the later stages of the timetabling process. If uncertainty about the future appears to be a highly sensitive issue in the French context, heterogeneity and volatility of freight traffic can be perceived as management challenges that may be experienced, to a greater or lesser degree, on other rail networks.     

A time-dependent freight tour synthesis model

This paper introduces a model of urban freight demand that seeks to estimate tour flows from secondary data sources e.g., traffic counts, to bypass the need for expensive surveys. The model discussed in this paper, referred as Freight Tour Synthesis (FTS), enhances current techniques by incorporating the time-dependent tour-based behavior of freight vehicles, and the decision maker’s (e.g., metropolitan planning agency planner) preferences for different sources of information. The model, based on entropy maximization theory, estimates the most likely set of tour flows, given a set of freight trip generation estimates, a set of traffic counts per time interval, and total freight transportation cost in the network. The type of inputs used allows the assessment of changes in infrastructure, policy and land use. The ability of the model to replicate actual values is assessed using the Denver Region (CO) as a case study.     

中国货运结构优化的碳减排效应测度

管理部门和学界高度重视货运结构优化问题，因为过高的公路货运量导致货运碳排放居高不下，不利于早日实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标。除货运结构外，货运碳排放受诸多因素影响，但研究者大多仅关注部分重点因素影响，对于货运结构优化的碳减排效应缺乏准确理解。为解决上述问题，本文利用“自上而下”法测算1999—2019年中国货运碳排放量，并构建综合考虑社会经济变量(如人均GDP)与货运特征变量(如货运分担率)的偏最小二乘回归模型，通过调整不同货运方式使用费用，模拟2030年不同政策刺激情景下货运结构优化的碳减排效应。结果表明：1999— 2019年，社会经济变量对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度为73%，显著高于货运特征变量；公路、铁路和水路货运分担率变化对货运碳排放增长的年均贡献度分别为1.81%、-0.01%和-0.26%；2030 年公路货运量全部转为铁路或水路货运量的极端情景，难以实现单位GDP货运碳排放较2005年下降65%的标准；增加高碳货运方式使用费用的碳减排效应比降低低碳货运方式使用费用更显著。     

基于位移剩余的最优货物运输服务分析

基于需求主导原则，突出强调位移需求本身具有的独立价值，本文以位移价值与位移成本之差衡量货运需求主体的位移剩余。以位移剩余最大化为准则揭示货运需求主体选择运输服务方式的机理，并作为最优运输服务的标准。在位移价值测度方面，将货运需求按照时效性分为3类，基于需求主体的预期利益构建相应位移价值函数。在位移成本测度方面，通过对运输价格、运输时间、可靠性、便捷性及安全性等运输服务品质要素的量化，建立位移全过程的成本函数。联立位移价值与位移成本函数，以运输服务品质要素作为核心变量，构建基于位移剩余的最优运输服务分析模型。设置仿真算例，求取不同需求主体的位移剩余曲线，分析相对应的最优运输服务方式。结果显示：模型可基于异质性的位移需求有效分析最优运输服务，并可分析潜在运输需求转化为有效需求的条件，为企业及政府制定运输供给优化策略提供理论基础。     

Modelling cyclic container freight index using system dynamics

ABSTRACT

This paper investigates the cyclical nature of container shipping market represented by a containerized freight index and proposes a predictive cyclical model of the market. In contrast to the traditional spectral analysis (univariate), system dynamics reflect the drivers of the market in both supply and demand side, and therefore, it is a multi-variate system equilibrium approach consisting of various causal spillovers from sub-components of the market. This study is the first to analyze the cycle of container market using system dynamics. By utilizing system dynamics cyclicality approach, one-step ahead predictions are generated for monthly containerized freight index and compared to conventional benchmarks for post-sample validation. Our study can also help policymakers and shipping liners for better management and invest timing of container ship.     

Urban freight,parking and pricing policies: An evaluation from a transport providers’ perspective

This paper investigates transport providers’ preferences for alternative loading bays and pricing policies. It estimates the importance of loading bays, the probability of finding them free and offers strategically relevant information to policy makers. The results underline the relevance of both preference heterogeneity and non-linear attribute effects. Three classes of agents are detected with substantially different preferences also characterized by non-linear sensitivity to attribute level variations. The specific freight sector, frequency of accesses and number of employees are all relevant covariates explaining different preferences for alternative transport providers’ categories. The implications of the results obtained are illustrated by simulating alternative policy scenarios. In conclusion, the paper underlines the need for rigorous policy analysis if the correct policy outcomes are to be estimated with an adequate level of accuracy.