Design of tyre force excitation for tyre–road friction estimation

Knowledge of the current tyre–road friction coefficient is essential for future autonomous vehicles. The environmental conditions, and the tyre–road friction in particular, determine both the braking distance and the maximum cornering velocity and thus set the boundaries for the vehicle. Tyre–road friction is difficult to estimate during normal driving due to low levels of tyre force excitation. This problem can be solved by using active tyre force excitation. A torque is added to one or several wheels in the purpose of estimating the tyre–road friction coefficient. Active tyre force excitation provides the opportunity to design the tyre force excitation freely. This study investigates how the tyre force should be applied to minimise the error of the tyre–road friction estimate. The performance of different excitation strategies was found to be dependent on both tyre model choice and noise level. Furthermore, the advantage with using tyre models with more parameters decreased when noise was added to the force and slip ratio.     

侧压力系数与非同步开挖对分离式隧道影响研究

使用有限元方法进行了一系列的计算分析,探讨不同侧压力系数对分离式隧道左、右洞不同步开挖时两洞间的影响程度,并通过现场动态监控量测来验证数值模拟的正确性。结果表明：侧压力系数越大相邻隧道的影响程度越大。     

隧道管棚超前支护施工技术

根据西直沟1#隧道实际工程特点,选取管棚超前支护技术。依据管棚支护的主要机理以及地形地质和荷载情况,采用扇形管棚布置。根据埋深较大时的简化泰沙基公式计算围岩最大压力,并选取管棚参数,对本隧道的施工提供了理论依据,为以后黄土隧道的施工积累了工程实际经验。     

无坎宽顶堰流量系数的计算及讨论

通过采用二元非线性回归分析方法对多个数学模型进行分析,结合实测资料,得到了水利工程中无坎宽顶堰流量系数的经验公式,克服了查表法中需要通过多步直线内插带来的不便,更适合在水力计算中应用。     

Flow Stress Model of Stainless Steel OCr13Ni5Mo at Elevated Temperature

For a more accurate forming calculation and numerical simulation of hydraulic turbine blade,experimental studies on the flow stress of stainless steel OCr13Ni5Mo were carried out upon Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator under different deformation conditions.The results then were analyzed and the effects of all influencing factors were summarized consequently.New mathematic models were conceived.Utilizing the software Matlab,regression coefficients were calculated by the least square method.The model has an eminent capability of curve-fitting performance with impact structure whose correlation coefficient is up to 0.908 0 and the cosine coefficient is 0.995 8.All mathematic models and process parameters can be used in engineering calculations or computer simulations.     

预应力锚索抗滑桩结构在处治滑坡中的应用

文章结合鹰阳关-莲塘二级公路K54+800处滑坡采用预应力锚索结构施工实践,介绍了预应力锚索抗滑桩结构在滑坡处治中的注意事项及使用效果.     

惯性摩擦制动对铜基粒子材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了多组元的铜基摩擦材料,利用GF150D型摩擦试验机,分别在不同的摩擦方式和不同的摩擦条件下,探讨了材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:惯性摩擦条件下,随着摩擦压力提高,磨损量增加,摩擦系数降低.且在其他摩擦条件相同时惯性摩擦条件下的摩擦系数低于定速.惯性试验湿摩擦的摩擦系数比干摩擦的摩擦系数有显著提高,摩擦顺序为高速到低速时的摩擦系数的稳定性都高于摩擦顺序为低速到高速.     

轴流式涡轮机动叶片的叶顶间隙对其气动性能影响

采用数值方法对不同叶顶间隙下某型号船用轴流式涡轮机的气动性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,叶顶间隙对喷嘴环前缘的压力分布和涡轮内的温度分布影响明显,过小和过大的叶顶间隙都会导致喷嘴环前缘高压力区的产生,并导致涡轮内局部高温度区域扩大;随着叶顶间隙的增大,喷嘴环后缘底部、吸力面及叶顶间隙内局部高熵区随之增大,燃气能量损失增大.     

16V265H油机喷孔结构对内部流场的影响

针对16V265H柴油机喷油器,以三维CFD软件FIRE为平台,对喷孔内部空化流动进行了数值模拟.结果发现空化现象十分明显,特别是超空化流动在整个喷油过程中高达90%.另外,从空化分布、速度分布以及流量系数这三个角度分析了入口圆角半径、喷孔夹角以及喷孔长度等几何结构对喷孔内部流动情况的影响.     

大极差情况下载荷试验承载力取值计算

对于载荷试验的大极差,各种规范没有给出统一的规定,试验数据的处理比较随便,造成不经济或不安全。当极差大于30%平均值或最大值与最小值之比大于1.3时,承载力取值可采用离群值剔除法、变异系数折减法确定。案例计算分析表明,给出的计算公式合理、计算简单方便,可用于各种载荷试验确定承载力。