机车转向架构架制造工艺探讨

对比分析了我国电力机车转向架构架传统的制造工艺与西门子公司的制造技术,指出以控制焊接温度来控制焊接件变形和用焊接工艺和焊接工装来保证加工面位置精度的工艺,是一种先进的工艺方法,而构架焊后整体退火是落后的工艺方法,应该废除。     

工务焊轨厂工艺设计的研究

本文结合向塘工务焊轨厂的设计实例 ,论述了工务焊轨厂钢轨焊接、淬火生产线的工艺流程 ,工艺总平面布置 ,专用线、生产房屋及室外构筑物的设置 ,生产设备配备原则及主要技术性能 ,以及“双频加热”、“先风后水”淬火工艺的特点和设备组成 ,探讨了优化工艺设计的途径和方法。     

船用柴油机润滑油配伍试验研究

本文首先介绍了柴油机主要摩擦副——缸套和活塞环的磨损机理,然后提出了对曲柄箱润滑油的要求,其中最主要的是润滑油自始至终必须保持一定的碱性。作者还阐述了合理选择气缸润滑油的依据和方法,最后在我所的试验机上选用3种(A、B、C)不同配伍的润滑油作抗磨性,清净分散性比较试验,得出A优于B,B优于C,及A、B、C3种都可正常使用的结论。     

钢结构桥梁中特厚钢板焊接应力动态数值模拟分析

钢结构中特厚钢板焊接应力的理论分析一直为人们所关注。基于有限元软件ANSYS,采用高斯热源模型加热,利用生死单元,动态模拟分析80 mm特厚钢板对接焊过程中,对多层、多道焊的温度场进行加热模拟,实现焊缝的动态生成,跟踪应力场的变化情况。分析结果与重庆观音岩长江大桥构件焊接试验结果基本一致,为特厚钢板构件的设计和制作提供有实用价值的参考依据。     

角焊缝角变形产生机制的研究

以T形焊接接头为算例,用有限元数值计算方法研究了六个固有应变分量各自对角焊缝角变形的作用效应,发现导致角变形产生的主要因素是与焊缝平行的平面内垂直于焊缝方向的固有剪切应变分量;将该固有剪切应变分量以均匀和非均匀两种分布形式施加在焊缝区,发现只有非均匀分布的固有剪切应变使焊接接头产生角变形.由此可知:角焊缝角变形产生的主要原因是在焊缝及其附近区域不均匀分布的固有剪切应变分量,而不是板厚方向上非均匀分布的横向固有正应变分量.此结论指出了关于焊接角变形产生机制的传统思维的认识误区,对研究预测角焊缝角变形简化方法具有指导意义.     

运用二阶摄动方法预测焊接点疲劳微弯裂纹的路径发展

利用二阶摄动方法分析研究了轻微弯曲疲劳裂纹尖端应力强度因子的变化幅度,进一步得到了在循环载荷下直线裂纹微弯延伸尖端应力强度因子变化幅值的近似表达式.以匹配渐进扩张的形式考虑了远区域边界条件的效果,研究了裂尖附近的渐进应力场.利用Irwin公式计算出了由于裂纹发展而引起的应变能释放率变化幅值.预测了在具有非均匀断裂韧度的物质中裂纹的延伸.考虑了循环载荷、残余应力,以及由于焊接而引起的物质衰变等因素,利用了二阶摄动方法预测了沿着焊接点传播的弹脆性裂纹路径.     

Fatigue design for plug/ring type gas welded joints of sts301l including welding residual stresses

This paper presents a fatigue design method for plug and ring type gas welded joints, which incorporates welding residual stress effects. A non-linear finite element analysis (FEA) was first performed to simulate the gas welding process. The numerically predicted residual stresses of the gas welds were then compared to experimental results measured using a hole drilling method. In order to evaluate the fatigue strength of the plug and ring type gas welded joints, a stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R taling the welding residual stress of the gas weld into account was introduced and is based on a modified Goodman equation incorporating the effect of the residual stress. Using the stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R , the ΔP-N _f relations obtained from fatigue tests for plug and ring type gas welded joints having various dimensions and shapes were systematically rearranged into (σ _a ) _R -N _f relations. It was found that the proposed stress amplitude (σ _a ) _R could provide a systematic and reasonable fatigue design criterion for the plug and ring type gas welded joints.     

某公路条带式加筋土挡墙的设计与讨论

加筋土挡墙因其良好的结构性能和低廉造价,在多个行业中应用较广。文章通过对一个条带式加筋土挡墙实例的分析,简要说明加筋土挡墙的设计方法,分析了地震荷载对挡墙稳定性的影响,论述了加筋土挡墙较好的抗震性能。     

Quantitative Analysis of impact of Bicycles on Vehicles in Urban Mixed Traffic

Bicycles create obvious impact on motor vehicles' behavior on urban road especially in China with mixed traffic. These influences can be divided into two states: friction and block interference. Based on the data of interference of bicycles on vehicles' driving in typical road section in Beijing, this paper quantitatively analyzes the velocity changing tendency of vehicles under different interference, velocity distribution frequency, and critical transformation of different interference state. The friction and block interference coefficients are also worked out, which are useful to compare interference degrees under different road conditions. As a result, the research based on sample data shows that the velocity distribution of vehicles has different characteristics under different interference state, and vehicles driving velocities are significantly different under the friction interference and block interference.     

8字结形格栅钢架腹筋力学作用试验研究

在山岭隧道复合式衬砌施工中,格栅钢架被广泛应用。为研究8字结形格栅钢架腹筋的力学作用,采用模型试验方法,设计一系列格栅钢架试件,系统地研究腹筋直径和焊缝长度对格栅钢架的力学作用影响。研究结果表明： 1）随着8字结腹筋直径的减小,喷混凝土格栅钢架极限承载力基本没有降低,但优化指数大幅度增大; 2）对于腹筋直径,只需满足格栅钢架加工、存放、运输和安装过程中主筋架立和固定的要求即可; 3）主腹筋焊缝长度的减小对格栅钢架的承载力基本没有影响,但可以大幅降低格栅钢架的制作成本。