Effect of parking information on travelers' knowledge and behavior

In many urban centers the demand for parking increases sharply before Christmas mainly due to shopping activity — causing parking congestion. One way to ameliorate such congestion is by disseminating parking information. Informed drivers may divert to relatively under-utilized parking facilities relieving the pressure on congested facilities. The City of Nottingham in England tested a real-time parking information system designed to alleviate congestion in the City Center parking facilities. Real-time information was disseminated through the radio, while historical information regarding parking locations was disseminated through newspaper advertisements and leaflets. The objective of this study is to assess impacts of the parking information system on travelers' knowledge and decisions.Survey research was used to understand traveler response. Respondents' levels of knowledge regarding car parks were analyzed by developing Poisson regression models. Drivers were more likely to have greater knowledge of city center car parks if they used several information sources (radio broadcasts, newspaper advertisements or leaflets and word-of-mouth), were active seekers of parking information, and searched for parking rather than going directly to a parking facility. In addition, the study of behavior showed that drivers were more inclined to use the relatively under-utilized Park-and-Ride facilities instead of the city center car parks if they received parking information from Newspaper advertisements/leaflets. Overall, the parking information service in Nottingham was effective; it seems reasonable to establish such information dissemination and monitoring systems at parking facilities in other urban areas. Furthermore, to support informed travel and activity participation decisions, parking information should be integrated with traffic and transit information.     

从知识对象到"生活形态":皮尔士实在理论中的中介性原则

一切传统的二元性的认识论必然导致最后一个形而上学式的“自在之物”。由此，皮尔士对传统认识论的批判也必然促使他建立全新的实在理论。在阐述实在概念的过程中，皮尔士逐步建立起了较为完整的实用主义理论构架，并且对实在、真理、意义等普遍性概念给出了独特的理解和全新的意义。     

A ‘sustainability window’ of urban form

With global environmental change and the rise of global megacities, environmental and social externalities of urban systems, and especially of urban form, become increasingly prevalent. The question of optimal urban form has been debated and investigated by different disciplines in numerous contexts, including those of transport costs, land consumption and congestion. Here we elucidate theoretically how urban form and the urban transport system systematically modifies sustainability concerns, such as greenhouse gas emissions, local air pollution and congestion. We illustrate our analytical considerations with empirical analysis. Denser urban form would almost unambiguously mitigate climate change, but it would also lead to undesired effects, such as a higher proportion of urban dwellers affected by air pollution. Our study presents a ‘sustainability window’ by highlighting trade-offs between these sustainability concerns as a function of urban form. Only a combination of transportation policies, infrastructure investments and progressive public finance enables the development of cities that perform well in several sustainability dimensions. We estimate that a residential population density between 50 and 150 persons/ha and a modal share of environmental modes above at least 50% corresponds to the sustainability window of urban form. The parameters of the sustainability window of urban form is subject to policy changes and technological progress.     

公路生态型植草沟研究

通过对国内外生态型植草沟工程的研究分析,分别介绍生态型植草沟的典型断面形式以及实用性,在总结以往经验的同时,可为以后的工程设计及施工提供依据。     

组织结构技术在海上求生中的应用

运用组织行为学的一般原理,分析了海上求生者组织结构的特点和影响因素,并提出了几种主要组织结构形式,以供航海工作者参考。     

监理工作中的有效沟通

监理工作不能离开沟通,沟通是否有效,取决于监理人员的沟通能力。结合实际,阐述了监理工作中有效沟通的3种主要方式,即全通道式沟通、链式沟通和轮式沟通,试图为监理人员提高工作技能。     

漳州战备大桥挂篮设计

漳州战备大桥主桥的梁幅宽达27．0m，为单箱三室结构，整个截面一次整体灌注成形。介绍其所采用的三角形组合梁式宽幅挂篮的设计构思、总体构造与结构分析计算。     

混合动力卡车关键技术的分析与研究

随着能源紧缺日益加剧和人们环保意识的增强,混合动力已经成为未来中重型卡车发展的主要方向,本文系统的分析了混合动力技术中蓄电池及其模型,驱动形式及其控制策略等关键技术在卡车中的应用。     

水泥混凝土路面滑模摊铺施工监理工作要点

通过实践,对滑模摊铺水泥混凝土路面的施工监理工作要点进行了简要介绍,为同行提供一些经验。     

设计美的形式要素

文章分析了形式和功能与设计的关系,对设计美的依托进行了探讨。针对设计美的形式要素在工业设计中运用的现状,说明了设计美的形式要素在现代设计中的重要作用。