Asymmetry in transport fuel demand: Evidence from household level data

Models for gasoline demand for transportation activities generally assume that demand is perfectly reversible with respect to gasoline price (and income). The small literature which relaxes the reversibility assumption in gasoline demand argues technological fixation leads to this asymmetry and utilizes aggregate time-series model to find evidence in favour of asymmetry. In this research it is suggested that there could also be behavioural factors behind this asymmetric response, possibly due to the loss aversion nature of human beings as described in the prospect theory. For the first time, household level data was used to understand asymmetry in gasoline demand in response to changes in gasoline price and income. There was statistical evidence that gasoline price and income both can induce asymmetric changes in gasoline demand among households. Specifically, elasticity with respect to rising prices and falling income is larger than the elasticity with respect to falling prices and rising income respectively, which is consistent with loss aversion in gasoline purchase behaviour. There was also some evidence of heterogeneity in the asymmetric responses between urban and rural households. The results have implications for transport-related energy tax policies or subsidies, while the method can be applied directly for non-energy goods as well.     

提高柴油机供油系统可靠性探讨

柴油机的供油系统是柴油机的重要组成部分,是柴油机的心脏与血脉,它对柴油机的燃烧以及柴油机的动力性、经济性、可靠性和排放特性等一系列性能指标有着有直接的影响。统计数据表明,在柴油机的各种故障中,供油系统的故障比例最高．本文对柴油机供油系统进行可靠性分析,并对如何提高其可靠性提出建议．     

基于CAN总线的船舶声纳数据采集系统分析

声纳上传的数据需要高速的具有合适采集频率的数据采集系统才能够实现对船舶声纳数据的提取和分析,文章设计了基于CAN总线的声纳数据采集系统,完整的给出了数据采集系统的总体结构和采集节点的硬件构成,在此基础上重点分析了数据采集系统采样频率和CAN总线接口电路的设计,对于船舶声纳数据采集系统的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

一条专用车道双向运营BRT/轻轨的可行性

为有效满足BRT或轻轨系统的运行需求,提出在带有固定左转车道的繁忙通勤走廊中央设置一条BRT或轻轨专用车道用于双向运营的概念。由此产生了车辆相交问题,其相交空间设置于由左转车道产生的未利用或未被充分利用的道路中央隔离带。提供了公交车站和相交空间的概念设计可选方案和几何布局示意图,并考虑运行速度、发车间隔、相邻相交空间的距离及相交空间数量等条件,分析系统性能。为确保具有实用性,研究了系统在现有交通走廊上的可实施性。由于该系统具有利于TOD发展的潜力,也可作为未来发展两条专用车道系统的中间步骤。     

基于CAN总线机舱智能监控仪表的设计

针对船舶机舱温度变化大、振动强度高和控制系统复杂等特点,提出了一种基于CAN总线的机舱智能监控仪表,对机舱设备参数进行实时采集、处理和控制.该智能监控仪表主要由SJA1000和AT89S51芯片构成,其硬件电路、软件设计和智能算法在文中做了详细说明.实验表明:该智能监控仪表能较好地监控设备的运行状态,提供准确、可靠、实时的信息.     

无人水下航行器实时系统设计

针对集中式体系结构已不能满足无人水下航行器(UUV)越来越复杂的水下任务,设计并实现了UUV实时系统,该实时系统以分布式结构为基础,在硬件上采用CAN总线技术,减少了通信时间,提高了实时性,简化了系统,并提供了良好的扩展性;在软件设计上采用μC/OS实时操作系统,方便地实现了逻辑复杂的程序,并进一步满足了系统的实时性.仿真和实时性测试试验结果表明,该系统软、硬件设计满足程序运算、数据存储和实时性的要求,并具有较高的可靠性.     

RBF神经网络在柴油机燃油系统故障诊断中的应用研究

本文主要介绍了径向基（RBF）神经网络在柴油机燃油系统故障诊断中的应用,并且首次将神经网络和虚拟仪器技术相结合,成功用于柴油机故障诊断中。比较了RBF和误差反传（BP）神经网络的学习速度和诊断精度。研究表明,将RBF神经网络和虚拟仪器相结合进行柴油机故障诊断具有良好的诊断效果和精度,有很好的工程应用前景。     

几种典型的大型集装箱船导轨结构特性对比计算分析

本文以固定装载型式导轨和混合装载型式导轨为研究对象,基于有限元方法分析了不同集装箱装载工况对导轨强度、刚度的影响,同时在相同集装箱装载工况下,对不同导轨的强度、刚度进行了对比分析。结果可为集装箱导轨的设计优化提供了一定的参考。     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

船用柴油机12PA6B超负荷性能试验研究

我国船用柴油机功率标准规定柴油机应能够在超负荷功率(即110%标定功率)下连续运转。超负荷工况各参数变化可以反映柴油机的整体性能,是船用柴油机负荷试验的重要工况点。本文通过陕柴重工生产的12PA6B柴油机的负荷试验,研究证实该机型在超负荷工况下能保持较低的燃油消耗率和烟度排放,以及较高的功率和扭矩输出。