Locating refuelling stations for alternative fuel vehicles: a review on models and applications

The recent concerns on environmental issues have expedited the technological development of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs), but the deployment of AFVs still remains at the initial stage mainly because of the lack of refuelling facilities. Recognising this, researchers have conducted various studies, proposing a variety of approaches to strategically locating refuelling stations. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the approaches, focusing more on applications than computational issues. The review identifies two main elements of the approaches: location modelling and refuelling demand estimation. Examining how the elements were handled in refuelling location studies, this paper suggests that future refuelling location models should properly reflect the intricate and various perspectives of three major AFV stakeholders: drivers, government agencies and refuelling service providers. This study is expected to help researchers efficiently set up their refuelling location problems and identify critical factors for seeking the solutions.     

甲醇与柴油互溶性试验研究

助溶剂和温度是影响甲醇/柴油混合燃料稳定性的重要因素。对甲醇/柴油混合燃料进行了临界互溶温度测试,得出了掺混甲醇比例、助溶剂比例与临界互溶温度的关系。结果表明,在甲醇/柴油混合燃料中加入一定量的助溶剂可以使其形成稳定且性能良好的替代燃料。对甲醇/柴油混合燃料的成本估算表明,该混合燃料具有良好的市场前景。     

氢燃料电池混合动力汽车能量管理系统建模与仿真分析

为了合理分配燃料电池/动力电池混合动力汽车(FCHV)行驶过程中双电源的能量投入比例,更好地保护电池,本文讨论了“FC+B”汽车混合动力系统,设计了一种能量管理控制方法,利用Matlab/Simulink建立了能量管理系统模型,并对该能量管理系统进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,制定的能量管理控制方法,可有效判断并计算需求功率,准确分配燃料电池和动力电池的功率,使FCHV具有良好经济性和安全性。     

绞吸挖泥船泥泵组合及转速匹配

对于相同的输送工况,泥泵的数量及各泵之间不同转速组合可能对泥泵效率、燃油成本产生影响,这种情况对于转速调节范围更大的变频电机驱动泥泵尤为明显。针对此问题,分析泥泵的相关特性以及泥泵组合和转速匹配原理,并以燃油消耗率为参考基准,对特定工况条件下泥泵组合和转速匹配案例进行深入研究。结果表明,在某特定工况条件下,必然存在一种最佳的泥泵数量和泥泵转速组合方案,可达到节省燃油的目的。     

基于航行数据的船舶航行油耗模型建立方法

准确评估船舶的能效表现是研究船舶性能、优化船舶能效的基础。为准确评估船舶航行状态对船舶航行油耗的影响和船舶的能效表现,以某超大型散货船为研究对象,基于船舶智能能效综合管理系统获取大量船舶航行数据,通过数据处理和特征工程找出影响船舶航行油耗的因素,采用人工神经网络建立船舶航行油耗模型。采用该模型预估船舶在一段航程中的总油耗量,验证该模型在评估船舶航行状态对船舶航行油耗的影响方面的有效性。此外,采用该模型对航程和转速进行优化,验证该模型对能效优化的可行性。     

An epsilon-optimal algorithm considering greenhouse gas emissions for the management of a ship’s bunker fuel

This paper provides an algorithm to minimize the fixed ordering, purchase, and inventory-carrying costs associated with bunker fuel together with ship time costs; and environmental costs associated with greenhouse gas emissions. It determines the optimum ship speed, bunkering ports, and amounts of bunker fuel for a given ship’s route. To solve the problem, we use an epsilon-optimal algorithm by deriving a property. The algorithm is illustrated by applying it to typical sample data obtained and the effects of bunker prices, carbon taxes, and ship time costs on the ship speed are analyzed. The results indicate that the ship speed and CO₂ emissions are highly sensitive to the factors considered.     

The impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles

We study the impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative-fuel vehicles, using data from a survey of potential car buyers in Germany. The survey was conducted as a computer-assisted personal interview and included a choice experiment involving cars with various fuel types. Applying a standard logit model, we show that alternative fuel availability influences choices positively, but its marginal utility diminishes with supply. Furthermore, we derive consumers’ marginal willingness-to-pay for an expanded service station network. The results suggest that a failure to expand the availability of alternative fuel stations represents a significant barrier to the widespread adoption of alternative-fuel vehicles.     

基于Youngs法的液舱大幅晃荡数值模拟

液舱大幅晃荡一直是船舶水动力学研究的热点问题.文章采用Youngs法重构自由表面,给出了自由表面单元的速度边界条件,并且对液体晃荡中出现的流体翻卷、破碎后出现的流体波面的锋-锋相遇的情况进行了分析和讨论.数值模拟结果表明,Youngs法结合适当的自由表面条件,能够较好地模拟液舱内大幅晃荡中出现的翻卷和破碎的现象.     

含能粘合剂BGAP在水反应金属燃料中的应用研究陈支厦含能粘合剂BGAP在水反应金属燃料中的应用研究

水反应金属燃料是一种近年来备受关注的水下武器的高能推进剂。为了提高水反应金属燃料的能量性能,可以考虑将普通的HTPB粘合剂替换成为含能粘合剂。本文对含能粘合剂BGAP在水反应金属燃料中的应用作了比较系统的阐述。首先介绍了BGAP的主要物理化学性质和特点,然后利用正交试验等方法考察了应用BGAP的金属燃料的制作工艺以及它的燃速特性、药柱密度,获得了对BGAP金属燃料的燃速和密度影响较大的影响因素。最终获得的适用配方的燃速可达10.7mm/s,密度可达1.59g/cm3。研究结果表明,BGAP可以应用在水反应金属燃料中,并且燃料的燃速和密度较为理想。     

基于学习率的纯电动与燃料电池汽车分场景经济性比较研究

新能源汽车较高的成本是制约我国新能源汽车发展的重要因素之一.本研究构建了纯电动和燃料电池汽车经济性综合分析比较模型.基于新能源汽车各关键零部件的学习率曲线,对纯电动和燃料电池乘用车、客车和货车的未来制造成本趋势进行了分析和比较.同时结合我国私家车、出租车、公交车和物流车4个应用场景,对各场景下纯电动和燃料电池汽车使用成...