Optimal development of alternative fuel station networks considering node capacity restrictions

A potential solution to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector is the use of alternative fuel vehicles (AFV). As global GHG emission standards have been in place for passenger cars for several years, infrastructure modelling for new AFV is an established topic. However, as the regulatory focus shifts towards heavy-duty vehicles (HDV), the market diffusion of AFV-HDV will increase as will planning the relevant AFV infrastructure for HDV. Existing modelling approaches need to be adapted, because the energy demand per individual refill increases significantly for HDV and there are regulatory as well as technical limitations for alternative fuel station (AFS) capacities at the same time. While the current research takes capacity restrictions for single stations into account, capacity limits for locations (i.e. nodes) – the places where refuelling stations are built such as highway entries, exits or intersections – are not yet considered. We extend existing models in this respect and introduce an optimal development for AFS considering (station) location capacity restrictions. The proposed method is applied to a case study of a potential fuel cell heavy-duty vehicle AFS network. We find that the location capacity limit has a major impact on the number of stations required, station utilization and station portfolio variety.     

Performance Comparison and Analysis of Heating and Ventilation of Two Kinds of Roof Solar Collectors

Two roof solar collectors (RSCs), conventional single pass RSC and new double pass RSC, were compared. The new roof solar collector, which is formed by integrating a double pass solar air collector with the roof of the building, can be operated more efficiently for space heating in winter, and for natural ventilation in other seasons. To evaluate the performances of the two RSCs for both space heating and natural ventilation, a single traditional Chinese style house, on which the two RSCs will be mounted, was developed. The efficiency of solar energy conversion for the new RSC is higher than that of the single pass one by 10% on average, and the ventilation rate contributed by natural ventilation for the new RSC can be improved to a great extent for most cases, indicating that the new RSC is superior to the single pass one from the viewpoint of both space heating and natural ventilation. The new RSC is more potential for improving indoor thermal environment and energy saving of buildings.     

气体燃料/汽油两用燃料汽车自适应燃料点火器

气体燃料 /汽油两用燃料汽车燃用不同燃料时 ,最佳点火提前角相差悬殊。采用自适应燃料点火器可根据发动机使用燃料的不同自动改变点火提前角。论述了单片机控制自适应燃料点火器的软、硬件结构和工作原理。试验结果表明 ,加装自适应燃料点火器后 ,发动机动力性增加 2 .6%～3.1 % ,燃料消耗率下降 2 .6%～ 3.4%。     

城市轨道车辆节能运行方式的研究

本文通过对完成两站之间牵引任务能耗的分析和对城市轨道车辆运行方式的分析,找出了影响能耗的关键,得出了在城市站距较短的条件下快速轨道电车的最佳运行方式.最后讨论影响能耗主要参数选择的一些考虑.     

深圳地铁3号线电客车PIS客室LCD屏节能改造

在简要介绍深圳地铁3号线电客车乘客信息系统(PIS)功能及客室液晶显示屏(LCD)电源控制原理的基础上,结合3号线列车出入库流程、检修作业项目、运营时刻表等生产组织情况,经过分析、计算,对PIS客室LCD屏进行节能改造的可行性、必要性以及预期效益等进行了论证,对新车设计有一定的借鉴意义。     

广州地铁一号线运营组织对车辆能耗的影响分析

文章对广州地铁一号线运营组织现状进行了分析,通过对车辆能耗的测试对比,对运营组织提出优化建议,以达到节能的目的。     

列车运行与优化系统的设计

随着世界能源消耗的逐年增长,燃油的节省技术越来越受到重视。本文就GE公司运输系统集团的新一代节油产品列车运行与优化系统设计展开讨论,针对软件模块功能进行介绍,也汇总了在全球应用的现状,最后展望了在中国应用的未来。     

基于惰行节能规律的列车运行仿真研究

通过总结列车制动前惰行的节能规律,提出了列车定时节能的仿真算法。该算法综合考虑了不同制动段前惰行节能效果与延长运行时间的关系,从节能的角度确定了列车减速过程中的惰行位置和制动位置。仿真实例证明该算法可以节能10.55%,说明了该算法的合理性。     

用于发动机开发的气缸内测试技术

描述了用于揭示气缸内过程的光学诊断技术.说明了可在气缸内安装光学通路的可视化发动机特点和激光诊断技术的原理.给出了典型的测试结果,如气体流动、燃油喷射、混合气形成、燃烧及燃烧产物.此外,探讨了光学诊断技术在发动机内部及外部废气再循环研究中的应用.     

建筑电气设计节能初探

阐述建筑电气设计中节约能源的思想和原理,从变压器节能、照明节能、电动机节能,以及如何减少线路上的能量损耗、提高系统的功率因数等几个方面,论述建筑电气设计中的节能原则和方法。