基于CAPESIZE船型澳大利亚西北航线经济航速与超经济航速的应用研究

针对国际油价的不断攀升,船舶营运成本的不断加大,航运公司越来越重视船舶的营运经济问题.运用了主机转速有效控制船舶航速的方法,对澳大利亚西北至中国大陆航线上的经济航速与超经济航速的应用进行对比分析,得出了船舶运营油耗节约与航速、主机转速的关系,为航运公司实现精细化航运管理、提升经营效益提供参考.     

An aircraft performance model implementation for the estimation of global and regional commercial aviation fuel burn and emissions

Estimates of global aviation fuel burn and emissions are currently nearly 10 years out of date. Here, the development of the Aircraft Performance Model Implementation (APMI) software which is used to update global commercial aviation fuel burn and emissions estimates is described. The results from APMI are compared with published estimates obtained using the US Federal Aviation Administration’s System for Assessing Aviation’s Global Emissions (SAGE) for the year 2006. The number of global departures modelled with the APMI software is 8% lower compared with SAGE and reflects the difference between their commercial air traffic statistics data sources. The mission fuel burn, CO₂ and H₂O estimates from APMI are approximately 20% lower than those predicted by SAGE for 2006 while the estimate for the total global aircraft SO_x emissions is approximately 40% lower. The estimates for the emissions of CO, HC and NO_x are 10%, 140% and 30% higher than those predicted by SAGE respectively. The reasons for these differences are discussed in detail.     

Paying for harbor maintenance in the US: Options for moving past the Harbor Maintenance Tax

The Harbor Maintenance Tax is a fundamentally flawed maintenance funding mechanism for the critical US port system. Three alternatives were analyzed. User fee rates were estimated for either a national or regional tonnage based fee. Our results indicate that maintenance cost recovering regional fees could vary widely from about 10 cents per tonne to nearly 80 cents per tonne. A national rate would be about 30 cents per tonne. The large regional differences and affects on bulk shippers are likely to make implementing and maintaining cost recovering tonnage based fees infeasible. Two other mechanisms are considered. One possibility is to abolish the HMT without a replacement mechanism. The obvious strength of this approach is its simplicity, the weaknesses is that it is not budget neutral. Another possibility is to increase the federal diesel tax rate. One strength of the approach is the reasonable rate increase required to recover port maintenance costs (estimated between 0.278 and 0.315 cents per liter). An additional strength is that relatively inefficient fuel users will either make the largest share of the additional payments or the freight will shift modes to one that is more efficient. One weakness is that the rate has been unchanged since 1997, this points to the political difficulty involved in passing such a rate increase.     

Voyage-based statistical fuel consumption models of ocean-going container ships in Korea

ABSTRACT

Accurately estimating fuel consumption of ships is crucial for shipping companies, port authorities, and environmental protection agencies. The bottom-up approach is becoming increasingly popular because it can estimate ship fuel consumption by accounting for ship activity conditions, such as changes in voyage speed, time, and distance; however, its use is still limited when estimating ship fuel consumption. Ship-specific information, such as the daily fuel consumption rate for main and auxiliary engines for every vessel, is expensive to gather, and generally not collected from private shipping companies. To address this research gap, we develop simplified and composite ship fuel consumption models for ocean-going container ships by size using a regression model. To estimate the fuel consumption models for container ships, we rely on ship activity data, including average speed and sailing time, distance, and actual fuel consumption for main and auxiliary engines. This information is obtained from a major container shipping company in Korea. We estimate and validate the parameters associated with fuel consumption for five different container ship sizes, all of which are smaller than the Post-Panamax container ship (15,000 TEU and above).     

双相不锈钢化学品船压载水舱涂装工艺

双相不锈钢化学品船的货舱壁采用双相不锈钢材质，可直接接触装载的化学品，货舱内壁无须进行涂装施工，但货舱外壁作为如压载水舱等其他舱室的舱壁，需要进行涂装施工。不锈钢原则上不能使用工厂常规使用的钢砂进行表面处理，为避免污染不锈钢板，须选用棕刚玉等非金属磨料。在制订38 000 DWT双相不锈钢化学品船压载水舱涂装工艺过程中，结合船厂的实际施工条件，兼顾建造成本，将压载水舱按照材质构成进行划分，针对不同情况进行表面处理和涂装施工，保证该船建造的顺利开展。     

氢燃料电池发动机热管理系统的控制方案研究

针对目前氢燃料电池发动机系统在变载过程中存在的电堆温度波动较大、热管理子系统响应速度慢等问题,提出了基于电堆功率、电堆进出口冷却液温差、冷却液流量等多参数跟随的热管理控制方案.利用AMESim仿真软件对某款氢燃料电池发动机的热管理系统建立了一维仿真模型,并在典型工况下对不同控制方案进行仿真分析.结果 表明:水泵转速跟随...     

A fuel tankering model applied to a domestic airline network

This paper presents a linear programming model designed to determine the optimum fuel loading quantities along a route network for a Brazilian domestic airline. Assuming that there are no volume purchase or storage capacity restrictions on each station, the analysis is carried out for one aircraft on one day of its schedule. Results are extrapolated for a monthly and yearly basis. Through the proposed model, it is seen that such a fuel tankering technique leads to a 5% economical saving, but produces a 1% additional fuel burn. A discussion on the environmental impact for this procedure is also proposed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新燃油舱保护规则对大型公务船设计的影响

为防范海上船舶溢油事故,研究并提出确定性与概率性相结合的燃油舱保护设计方法。以某大型巡航救助船为例,分别介绍确定性设计和概率性设计方法的要点,确定性设计方法主要采用双底双壳设计,概率性设计方法则主要是以平均泄油量参数为基础进行评估,并重点阐述对燃油污染防护程度进行评估的方法。研究表明,采用此设计方法可以满足规范的要求。     

城市交通能耗动态情景组合分解模型

分析了现有的城市交通结构,以机动车保有量、百公里油耗与年行驶里程为影响因素,引入影响因素的变化率作为参数,运用迪氏指数分解模型,建立了城市交通能耗动态情景组合分解模型。根据3个影响因素的变化情况,设置了12种情景组合模式,分析了不同情景组合模式下的城市交通能耗变化趋势。分析结果表明:最大总能耗增量为174.92万吨标准煤,3个影响因素的能耗贡献率分别为91.79%、-9.57%、17.78%,最小总能耗增量为55.06万吨标准煤,3个影响因素的能耗贡献率分别为128.10%、-52.34%、24.24%;按机动车保有量增速将12种情景模式分为低速增长、中速增长、高速增长3类方案,3类方案能耗增量的最大值分别为87.02、130.97、174.92万吨标准煤,最小值分别为55.06、94.08、134.55万吨标准煤。     

燃料电池客车骨架结构的有限元分析与优化设计

建立燃料电池客车骨架的有限元模型,计算弯曲、一轮悬空等典型工况下的静态强度、刚度及振动模态,对骨架结构进行优化设计,保证骨架结构的安全性及可靠性。