某展厅改造施工前后的安全性鉴定

某展厅为框架结构,现浇钢筋混凝土楼盖。展厅计划进行改造施工,需对局部钢筋混凝土结构构件进行切割拆除,以满足新的使用功能。在改造施工前后,需对其结构进行安全性鉴定,评价其现有状况及改造后结构安全状态。本文可为建筑物的改造施工和设计提供参考。     

Collision course? The North Airfield Safety Study at Los Angeles International Airport (LAX)

The LAX North Airfield Safety Study was undertaken by an Academic Panel consisting of the present authors, and was based in large part on a simulation that was conducted at FutureFlight Central at NASA Ames Research Center. The primary aim of the study was “to estimate as specifically as possible the level of future safety associated with several geometrical configurations of the LAX North Airfield.” This paper describes the study, and how it combined information from human-in-the-loop simulations at NASA with historical data from LAX and other US airports about runway incursions and collisions. The analysis indicated that, even under its existing physical layout, LAX North would experience very low risk of runway collisions at traffic levels projected for 2020. That risk could be reduced by about half if the North Airfield runways were reconfigured, and some reconfigurations would also add appreciably to the operational efficiency of the airport. But because the “baseline” level of risk is so low, the Study concluded that “it would be difficult to construct a compelling case on safety grounds alone for reconfiguring the North Airfield.”     

基于有限混合零截尾事故预测模型的事故多发段判别方法

为了准确判别事故多发段,有针对性地提出安全应对措施以提升道路交通的安全水平,针对零值缺失交通事故数据并考虑其异质性特点,在单零截尾负二项(ZTNB)模型的基础上建立有限混合零截尾事故预测模型(FMZTNB)。应用R软件对单零截尾负二项模型中的参数进行估计,采用马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛算法(MCMC)对FMZTNB预测模型参数进行求解,并采用Gelman-Rubin收敛统计量对抽样结果进行检查。选择事故风险水平分别为低、中和高的9个路段,分别用2种模型对交通事故次数进行预测。综合观测到的事故次数和相应的事故预测模型结果,采用经验贝叶斯方法对事故相对多发段进行判别。最后采用事故次数一致性检验、判别点段一致性检验和排序一致性检验3种检验方式对判别结果对比分析。结果表明:基于事故率的事故相对多发段判别方法存在较大的不一致性,基于零截尾负二项预测模型的路段事故相对多发判别结果明显优于基于传统负二项预测模型的结果。整体上,基于有限混合零截尾事故预测模型的事故相对多发路段的判别结果高于基于单零截尾负二项分布模型的判别结果。     

基于灰色二次指数平滑的QAR参数关联度预测

由于QAR参数波动的后果具有潜在性和滞后性,因此分析人员容易忽视其危险性而使其发展为不利事件。针对该问题,提出运用QAR参数关联度分析的方法,建立QAR参数波动与事件之间的对应关系;并构建基于二次指数平滑-灰色关联法的关联度预测模型,进一步明确QAR参数波动与事件之间关系的动态变化趋势。运用实际数据对该模型进行验证,表明结论符合实际,该模型科学合理,可以用于QAR参数分析过程。     

基于改进密度聚类算法的交通事故地点聚类研究

交通事故特征受地域分布影响显著，本文对交通事故特征进行优化聚类研究.基于 2019年无锡市交通事故数据，调用开放地图接口地理编码解算事故地点经纬度，使用密度聚类算法对事故地点与事故原因进行密度聚类.传统的密度聚类算法依赖距离阈值和样本数阈值的准确输入，为解决这一局限，建立一种自适应搜索距离阈值和样本数阈值的密度聚类模型，并与原始聚类模型进行对比.结果表明，优化算法在参数确定上更加智能，对簇的划分更加准确，对噪声点的识别更加合理.通过机器学习中轮廓系数计算方法计算模型得分，证明了该算法在城市道路交通事故地理位置聚类中的适用性.     

Extending Time to Collision for probabilistic reasoning in general traffic scenarios

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication systems allow vehicles to share state information with one another to improve safety and efficiency of transportation networks. One of the key applications of such a system is in the prediction and avoidance of collisions between vehicles. If a method to do this is to succeed it must be robust to measurement uncertainty and to loss of communication links. The method should also be general enough that it does not rely on constraints on vehicle motion for the accuracy of its predictions. It should work for all interactions between vehicles and not just a select subset. This paper presents a method to calculate Time to Collision for unconstrained vehicle motion. This metric is gated using a novel technique based on relative vehicle motion that we call “looming”. Finally, these ideas are integrated into a probabilistic framework that accounts for uncertainty in vehicle state and loss of vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Together this work represents a new way of considering vehicle collision estimation. These algorithms are validated on data collected from real world vehicle trials.     

修造船工业安全培训探讨

人的不安全行为是导致安全事故的最主要因素，而安全教育培训不良是造成人为失误的根本原因。安全教育培训的目标是培养职工安全意识和传授其安全知识与技术。针对企业目前安全教育培训中存在的问题，应采用科学的安全教育方式搞好培训。     

用危险预警系统实现汽车的主动安全性

介绍了汽车行驶危险预警系统的组成及其子系统的功能 ,讨论了如何运用该系统实现汽车行驶时的几种危险预警的主动安全性能 ,并探讨了安全车距的数学模型及其在系统中的应用     

路桥施工企业如何实施安全工程

安全管理是企业发展生存永恒的主题。从夯实基础是做好安全工作的前提、狠抓落实是抓好安全工作的关键、领导重视是做好安全工作的保证三个方面论述了路桥施工企业如何实施安全工程。     

超载运输根本原因及对策分析

针对公路货运超载呈愈演愈烈的态势,分析了引起超限运输产生的根本原因及其对其他交通相关行业的不利影响,提出了治理超载超限的措施。