柴油机HCCI燃烧的均质混合气制备

介绍了均质充量压缩着火燃烧的概念、优缺点及其良好的发展前途与当前面临的困难。分析了HCCI混合气制备的重要性，总结了柴油机HCCI混合气制备的典型方法和成功经验，并分析了混合气制备对HCCI燃烧排放、着火相位的控制以及功率输出的影响，探讨并展望了HCCI混合气制备的可能发展方向。     

我国清洁汽车的发展及对策

简述了我国清洁汽车的发展概况和存在的主要问题,重点提出我国清洁汽车“应加快燃油汽车先进排放控制技术的研发与应用;代用燃料汽车的发展重点应继续放在单一燃料燃气汽车上;混合动力汽车应加快发展,但自主开发应谨慎”等对策及建议。     

康明斯6BT柴油机窜气问题的研究

介绍了窜气对柴油机性能的不利影响,通过活塞环密封系统的动力学分析,阐述发动机窜气产生的内在机理,并给出了计算发动机窜气量的公式。     

基于气电转换的发动机缸体在线测量系统

工业计算机控制的发动机缸体测量系统是由气动测量芯轴和差压式测量回路等组成,系统采用气电转换技术,在线自动测量发动机缸孔和主轴承孔并分组打号,满足了生产现场高精度测量的要求。     

摩托车尾气净化金属载体催化剂涂覆的研究

在950℃下高温氧化5 h,箔片表面生成板状Al2O3晶须,有利于增强涂层与箔片的附着力。在载体表面涂覆一层MgAl2O4/Al2O3过渡涂层,有助于提高活性组分与金属载体的结合力,可以获得高结合强度的涂层结构,促使活性元素高度分散。     

CNG/柴油双燃料车用发动机排放特性研究

通过用YZA102Q柴油机改装的CNG／柴油双燃料发动机进行燃用双燃料和纯柴油两种情况下的对比试验。对CNG／柴油双燃料发动机THC、CO、NOx和烟度的排放特性，以及空燃比、引燃油量、喷油提前角对双燃料发动机排放的影响进行了研究和分析。     

多点电喷天然气发动机燃料喷射过程研究

数值模拟了从电喷天然气发动机喷射阀喷出的非稳态喷流的发展过程，并由纹影实验验证了解析方法的可行性。采用数值模拟的方法考察了天然气喷流贯穿距离与喷射压力和喷孔数的关系；以及喷射阀质量流量与喷射压力和环境压力的关系；为精确地控制天然气燃料喷射量提供了理论依据。最后数值模拟了进气歧管内天然气喷流的发展过程，探明了天然气喷射对发动机工作过程可能造成的影响。     

锁紧气缸控制回路设计

介绍了锁紧气缸的结构、锁紧方式和几种基本的控制回路,给出了气缸两腔压力平衡状态下输入气压的关系。     

Greenhouse gas emissions from ships in ports – Case studies in four continents

Emissions of GHG from the transport sector and how to reduce them are major challenges for policy makers. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships while in port based on annual data from Port of Gothenburg, Port of Long Beach, Port of Osaka and Sydney Ports. Port call statistics including IMO number, ship name, berth number and time spent at berth for each ship call, were provided by each participating port. The IMO numbers were used to match each port call to ship specifications from the IHS database Sea-web. All data were analysed with a model developed by the IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute for the purpose of quantifying GHG emissions (as CO₂-equivalent) from ships in the port area. Emissions from five operational modes are summed in order to account for ship operations in the different traffic areas. The model estimates total GHG emissions of 150,000, 240,000, 97,000, and 95,000 tonnes CO₂ equivalents per year for Gothenburg, Long Beach, Osaka, and Sydney, respectively. Four important emission-reduction measures are discussed: reduced speed in fairway channels, on-shore power supply, reduced turnaround time at berth and alternative fuels. It is argued that the potential to reduce emissions in a port area depends on how often a ship revisits a port: there it in general is easier to implement measures for high-frequent liners. Ships that call 10 times or less contribute significantly to emissions in all ports.     

Planning hierarchical urban transit systems for reductions in greenhouse gas emissions

Public transit systems with high occupancy can reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to low-occupancy transportation modes, but current transit systems have not been designed to reduce environmental impacts. This motivates the study of the benefits of design and operational approaches for reducing the environmental impacts of transit systems. For example, transit agencies may replace level-of-service (LOS) by vehicle miles traveled (VMT) as a criterion in evaluating design and operational changes. In previous work, we explored the unintended consequences of lowering transit LOS on emissions in a single-technology transit system. Herein, we extend the analysis to account for a more realistic case: a transit system with a hierarchical structure (trunk and feeder lines) providing service to a city where demand is elastic. By considering the interactions between the trunk and the feeder systems, we provide a quantitative basis for designing and operating integrated urban transit systems that can reduce GHG emissions and societal costs. We find that highly elastic transit demand may cancel emission reduction potentials resulting from lowering LOS, due to demand shifts to lower occupancy vehicles. However, for mass transit modes, these potentials are still significant. Transit networks with buses, bus rapid transit or light rail as trunk modes should be designed and operated near the cost-optimal point when the demand is highly elastic, while this is not required for metro. We find that the potential for unintended consequences increases with the size of the city. Our results are robust to uncertainties in the costs and emissions parameters.