SS5型客运电力机车(2)——总体布置及通风系统

文章介绍了SS5型客运电力机车总体布置和通风系统的特点。     

A generalized model of pelagic biogeochemistry for the global ocean ecosystem. Part II: Numerical simulations

This paper presents a global ocean implementation of a multi-component model of marine pelagic biogeochemistry coupled on-line with an ocean general circulation model forced with climatological surface fields (PELAgic biogeochemistry for Global Ocean Simulations, PELAGOS). The final objective is the inclusion of this model as a component in an Earth System model for climate studies. The pelagic model is based on a functional stoichiometric representation of marine biogeochemical cycles and allows simulating the dynamics of C, N, P, Si, O and Fe taking into account the variation of their elemental ratios in the functional groups. The model also includes a parameterization of variable chlorophyll/carbon ratio in phytoplankton, carrying chl as a prognostic variable. The first part of the paper analyzes the contribution of non-local advective–diffusive terms and local vertical processes to the simulated chl distributions. The comparison of the three experiments shows that the mean chl distribution at higher latitudes is largely determined by mixing processes, while vertical advection controls the distribution in the equatorial upwelling regions. Horizontal advective and diffusive processes are necessary mechanisms for the shape of chl distribution in the sub-tropical Pacific. In the second part, the results have been compared with existing datasets of satellite-derived chlorophyll, surface nutrients, estimates of phytoplankton community composition and primary production data. The agreement is reasonable both in terms of the spatial distribution of annual means and of the seasonal variability in different dynamical oceanographic regions. Results indicate that some of the model biases in chl and surface nutrients distributions can be related to deficiencies in the simulation of physical processes such as advection and mixing. Other discrepancies are attributed to inadequate parameterizations of phytoplankton functional groups. The model has skill in reproducing the overall distribution of large and small phytoplankton but tends to underestimate diatoms in the northern higher latitudes and overestimate nanophytoplankton with respect to picoautotrophs in oligotrophic regions. The performance of the model is discussed in the context of its use in climate studies and an approach for improving the parameterization of functional groups in deterministic models is outlined.     

CKD4C型电传动内燃机车

CKD4c型电传动内燃机车用于委内瑞拉国家铁路自治局货物运输业务。介绍了该型机车的主要技术特点．总体布置、技术参数等。CKD4c型机车性能满足用户的要求，综合体现了“先进、成熟、经济、适用、可靠”的技术原则。     

医院船医疗流程与总布置设计探讨

医院船是一种新船型,用于收容和治疗伤病员的专用卫生船只,医疗流程是医院船总布置设计的主要因素。因此在设计中必须根据船的使命,最终确定整个船的总布置,本文推荐了一艘医院船的总布置供参考。     

武汉市三环线武青三干道立交设计评述

该文以武汉市武青三干道互通式立交为例,着重介绍了立交设计的平、立面布置,桥梁结构设计,立交桥中变宽异形梁及小半径曲线梁的设计方法。该设计不仅降低了工程造价,也为快速施工提供了有利条件。     

浅析水泥混凝土路面错台病害综合治理

该文对水泥混凝土路面错台病害的危害和产生原因进行了总结和分析,根据多年从事水泥混凝土路面养护技术工作的经验,提出了综合治理水泥混凝土路面错台的技术措施,可供道路专业人员参考。     

Ergonomic and biomechnical analysis of automotive general assembly using XML and digital human models

Automotive general assembly requires many manual assembly operations to be carried out by human workers. Ergonomic analysis is an important part of the design and evaluation of products, jobs, tools, machines and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human functioning. Most recent researches have involved the evaluation of working conditions to prevent work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The majority of previous research on automotive companies has mainly considered the results of ergonomic analyses such as RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and OWAS (Ovako Working Posture Analysis System). Analysis of static posture including reachability, clearances for arm, hand and tool has also been used to evaluate working conditions. However, in addition to static posture analysis, a biomechanical analysis in dynamic conditions should also be conducted. There are no integrated frameworks or standard schema for ergonomic analysis using digital human models in digital environments. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new framework for the evaluation of working conditions by ergonomic and biomechanical analysis using digital models based on XML standard schema, including: products, processes, manufacturing resources and human workers. This paper presents the analysis results using the proposed framework for automotive general assembly operations. We propose a new framework for the evaluation of the assembly operations and their environments. Then we apply a digital human model to the dynamic simulation of general automotive assembly operations based on standard schemas in XML and PPRH (Product, Process, Resource and Human). Using PPRH information based on a standard XML schema to analyze the ergonomic and biomechanical results, the engineer can visualize, analyze and improve assembly operations and working environments in automotive general assembly shops using digital models.     

基于工程建设总承包模式的并行设计管理

近年来,总承包模式在国际上得到了越来越广泛的应用,文章针对总承包模式下的设计管理,提出运用并行工程原理,将早期设计与后续环节有机结合,充分发挥集成管理的优势;并提出了并行设计的理论框架。从并行工程应用于总承包模式的适用性,应用并行设计的前提和实施并行设计的结构框架体系等几个方面,对该模式进行了初步探索和研究。     

游艇码头设计

目前国内游艇码头的设计尚处于起步阶段,缺乏建设经验和相关标准、规范。游艇码头技术研究是在设计实践和国内、外调研、考察的基础上完成的。本文简述了游艇码头的选址、总平面布置、工艺系统、水工结构的一般要求和主要参数的确定,供同类码头设计时参考、借鉴。     

俄罗斯造船业发展概况及其前景

介绍俄罗斯造船业的近代发展及其现状，分析其发展变化的历史和现实原因以及当前存在的问题、俄罗斯政府为发展其造船工业增强其竞争能力而采取的政策措施，以及其在21世纪的发展前景。