基于图像分析的滚动轴承表面缺陷识别技术研究

系统介绍了滚动轴承表面缺陷视觉检测系统的检测原理及流程,着重分析了表面缺陷二值图像的几何特征和形状矩特征、BP神经网络的各参数选择以及实验结果．实验证明本系统用于滚动轴承表面缺陷检测具有可行性,采用神经网络识别可使表面缺陷分类正确率达到88％．     

Experimental and numerical investigation of lashing bridge and container stack dynamics using a scaled model test

Previously reported container losses were generally attributed to extremely violent motions of containerships due to adverse weather conditions. However, most existing specifications or standards adopted for containers and lashing equipment meet the requirement of static conditions. Hence, further researches on safer container shipping under heavy sea states are required. Consequently, an experimental study method is proposed to measure the dynamic response of 1/10 scaled lashing bridge and container stack. The scaled model of the lashing bridge is constructed based on the similarity theory. Based on two dimensionless numbers, Froude's number and Cauchy's number, eleven container scaled models are employed. A series of experiments with controlled parameters are performed using a three-degrees shaking table (roll, pitch, heave) to present sufficient data to verify the effectiveness of the numerical model. The results of experiments, numerical simulations and calculations of the VERISTAR procedure (developed according to the BV rule) are compared. This study aimed to explore the mechanical behavior of the lashing bridge and container stack under predetermined driving excitations (roll and pitch) which simulated heavy sea states. According to the results, the model can predict conditions similar to real situations of the lashing bridge and container stacks while storages on the weather deck.     

无砟轨道高低和方向不平顺计算方法研究

在无砟轨道精调阶段,轨道静态平顺性控制指标是评判轨道几何形位是否满足验收标准的主要依据。本文针对目前该指标中高低和方向不平顺计算方法在客运专线无砟轨道精调中使用不便的现状,提出利用轨道高程和平面绝对偏差值来对其进行计算的方法;并通过与用三维坐标计算精确结果的对比验证该方法的正确性;同时应用该方法编制无砟轨道精调软件,对其在无砟轨道精调中的应用进行探讨。结果表明:该方法能反映出调后模拟值、调前实测值和调整值的本质关系,且计算简单,有利于调整值的给出。     

基于线阵相机的接触轨几何参数动态检测系统

基于线阵相机的接触轨几何参数动态检测系统,采用高速线阵相机,通过光切法,获取接触轨目标图像;采用双目成像检测原理,同时结合车体偏移补偿,精确测量接触轨几何参数;采用实时定位系统,对检测数据进行定位。     

Feedback brake distribution control for minimum pitch

The distribution of brake forces between front and rear axles of a vehicle is typically specified such that the same level of brake force coefficient is imposed at both front and rear wheels. This condition is known as ‘ideal’ distribution and it is required to deliver the maximum vehicle deceleration and minimum braking distance. For subcritical braking conditions, the deceleration demand may be delivered by different distributions between front and rear braking forces. In this research we show how to obtain the optimal distribution which minimises the pitch angle of a vehicle and hence enhances driver subjective feel during braking. A vehicle model including suspension geometry features is adopted. The problem of the minimum pitch brake distribution for a varying deceleration level demand is solved by means of a model predictive control (MPC) technique. To address the problem of the undesirable pitch rebound caused by a full-stop of the vehicle, a second controller is designed and implemented independently from the braking distribution in use. An extended Kalman filter is designed for state estimation and implemented in a high fidelity environment together with the MPC strategy. The proposed solution is compared with the reference ‘ideal’ distribution as well as another previous feed-forward solution.     

基于电气几何模型的接触网避雷线架设高度计算方法

基于电气几何模型,推导单线和复线铁路接触网避雷线架设高度的计算公式,由此得到避雷线架设高度与雷电击距、接触网实际参数之间的对应关系.研究表明:避雷线架设高度随着雷电流幅值的增加而减小,复线铁路的避雷线架设高度明显小于单线铁路的避雷线架设高度.采用给出的避雷线架设高度的计算公式,以广-深铁路为例,根据其不同线路形式和接触...     

轮轨接触几何分析及其在Maple下的实现

为满足列车动力学仿真对轮轨接触点位置的精度要求,采用解析方法建立轮轨空间接触几何的约束方程组,并给出其在二维轮轨接触几何情形时的简化形式.以S1002车轮踏面和UIC60钢轨为例,基于符号计算平台Maple软件对该约束方程组进行求解,得到轮轨接触几何参数.结果表明:二维轮轨接触时的滚动半径差、接触角差、接触点在车轮踏面...     

单元双块式无砟轨道道床板温度翘曲变形的影响研究

单元双块式无砟轨道中的道床板在温度梯度作用下会产生翘曲变形,可能对轨道几何形位产生不利影响,从而危害行车安全。采用有限元方法建立单元双块式无砟轨道计算模型,探索温度梯度作用下道床板的翘曲变形规律及其对轨道几何形位的影响。结果表明:在正温度梯度作用下,道床板的翘曲变形较大,可能危害高速行车安全,需采取措施进行控制;而在负温度梯度作用下,道床板的温度翘曲变形较小,可忽略。     

一种有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的图解法

通过分析某工程拟采用的有轨电车车辆特点,建立了计算车辆模型,提出一种作图求解计算车辆在道岔区几何偏移量的方法。应用实例证明,该方法适用于所研究有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的求解,也为其他结构型式有轨电车车辆道岔区几何偏移量的计算提供了参考。     

轨道不平顺数据分析程序研究

利用Matlab软件编写的轨道不平顺数据分析程序能够对轨检车测得的不平顺数据进行处理,得到功率谱密度分布函数.轨道不平顺分析程序包括轨道不平顺数据预处理、轨道不平顺谱分布函数计算以及根据实测的车体振动加速度,对轨道不平顺与车体振动加速度进行相干分析、提出对行车运行有不利影响的不平顺波长范围等.研究结果表明:车辆的动力特...