快速城镇化下的公共交通优先政策研究

随着城镇化快速发展,高度聚集和紧凑布局的城市特征以及日益凸现的交通拥堵问题,决定了优先发展公共交通是中国城市和城市交通发展的必然选择。首先分析中国快速城镇化背景下公共交通发展定位,同时对现行的公共交通发展政策进行梳理。以战略性、前瞻性、系统性、实施性为原则,提出促进公共交通优先发展的公共政策体系框架,并详细阐述城市发展、公共交通、交通需求管理、科技创新四个方面的具体政策建议。     

《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》实施情况及评估

在北京市进入社会经济现代化、城市化和机动化高速发展时期,交通形势十分严峻的背景下,北京市颁布了《北京交通发展纲要（2004-2020）》（以下简称《纲要》）。对“纲要》颁布以来北京交通取得的成就进行评估,在此基础上总结北京交通发展的成功经验并反思发展过程中存在的问题,为《纲要》的进一步修编提供参考。     

降凝剂在低输量管线中的应用

低输量输油管道运行风险大,且无法通过调整输送工艺从根本上降低运行风险.降凝剂被认为是解决该问题的有效手段之一.文中阐述了降凝剂对原油的作用机理和其在输油管道上的实际应用效果,分析了在任丘-北京输油管线开展的降凝剂应用试验,通过对比试验结果,可以得出：降凝剂改善了油品凝点、黏度等物理性质,降低了低输量管线的运行风险,提高了管线运营的经济效益.     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公交优先硬件在环测试评估平台设计

为了对复杂交通条件下的公交优先策略进行测试评估,比较不同信号机中公交控制策略的优劣,论文引入公交优先硬件在环仿真技术,设计搭建公交优先的硬件在环测试平台,开发信号转换器,实现信号机与仿真软件之间的通信,并能兼容不同信号机,实现对公交优先策略的仿真评估,同时开发上位机测试平台控制系统的运转.该测试平台可推广应用于线控、网控等控制策略测试,提高控制策略的有效性.     

专业及非专业驾驶人跟驰安全特性评价

为研究专业与非专业驾驶人的跟驰安全性,以真实道路交通环境下驾驶人跟驰行为的数据采集为基础,应用碰撞时间TTC及其拓展指标TET和TIT 3个跟驰安全评价指标,对比分析了受测专业及非专业驾驶人TTC频率分布和单位时间内TET及TIT平均百分比,从而对专业及非专业驾驶人跟驰安全特性进行了评价.研究结果表明在跟驰过程中专业驾驶人保持较小碰撞时间的比例比非专业驾驶人高,同时专业驾驶人单位时间内TET及TIT平均百分比大于非专业驾驶人.     

穗莞深城际(5×30m)双线变四线道岔连续梁设计与施工

随着高速铁路的发展,桥梁在铁路中所占的比例越来越重,铁路道岔也从路基走上了桥梁,道岔连续梁开始广泛应用。文中以穗莞深城际(5×30m)双线变四线道岔连续梁设计为例,对城际铁路道岔变宽连续梁的设计进行了介绍,阐述了该结构受力特点、计算分析、构造措施及施工方法。     

BRT信号优先控制系统模式研究

BRT信号优先是解决城市BRT车辆在交叉口延误的有效方式。从BRT公交的运行特点及3种传统的信号控制模式入手,提出一种BRT全线路段定周期优先感应控制模式,并论述其优化思想及控制流程,以更好地适应中国的交通流特征,提高路网的运行水平。     

高性能同步注浆材料专用外加剂的研制

为利用盾构泥砂成功制备出高性能同步注浆材料,采用膨润土、凹凸棒黏土、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、FDN减水剂、聚羧酸减水剂与葡萄糖酸钠进行复配,优选配方组成,研制出高性能同步注浆材料专用外加剂HMA。结果表明,掺加HMA配制出的同步注浆材料工作性能好,初始流动度可达210 mm,流动度经时损失极小,能有效防止管片上浮,稠度值为10 cm左右,泌水率几乎为0,抗水分散效果好,28 d水陆强度比可达0.90以上。说明HMA外加剂非常适合用来配制高性能同步注浆材料。     

Rear‐end crash potential estimation in the work zone merging areas

This paper proposed a methodology to estimate rear‐end crash potential of the merging vehicles traveling in the merge lane, on the basis of the traffic data extracting from the available videotapes. First, we developed a binary logit model to identify drivers' merging behavior in the work zone merging area. Subsequently, the occurrence potential of rear‐end crash based on time‐to‐collision was computed between the merging vehicle and its neighboring vehicles. The overall crash potential of the merging vehicle was finally determined. It was found that the crash potential decreases with the remaining distance to work zone. Moreover, there will be a rear‐end crash potential of 4.0% if the merging vehicle fails to complete merging at the end of work zone merging area. If the merging vehicle takes an early merge, there will be a lower rear‐end crash potential (1.2%). These findings suggest that we should encourage merging vehicles to take early merges for improving the traffic safety in the work zone merging areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.