偏压连拱隧道病害分析及治理措施

基于某高速公路偏压连拱隧道衬砌发生严重破坏和隧道上方发生较大规模的山体开裂等病害,采用地震CT手段对隧道周围的工程地质进行了探测;根据现场监测数据,分析了隧道支护结构的受力状态及其安全性;对复杂地质条件下两种典型的施工方案进行了动态施工的数值模拟,对比分析了不同施工方案对围岩稳定和衬砌受力的影响;探讨了衬砌发生严重破坏的原因,并提出了相应的治理措施。研究结果表明:连拱隧道内侧断裂带、上方松散层等不良地质条件和不合理的施工方案是导致隧道衬砌严重破坏和山体地表开裂的主要原因。研究结果为分析和治理偏压连拱隧道病害提供了依据。     

基于BIM的设计管理

针对BIM技术应用的现状和现阶段国内企业的BIM设计管理工作中存在的问题,探索研究基于BIM设计特点的管理系统。通过构建高效的BIM软件设计工作环境、优化基于BIM设计特点的管理流程、建立设计项目数据框架的方式,达到BIM设计管理系统的高效性和协同性。     

Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra

This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term.     

Estimating traffic volumes for signalized intersections using connected vehicle data

Recently connected vehicle (CV) technology has received significant attention thanks to active pilot deployments supported by the US Department of Transportation (USDOT). At signalized intersections, CVs may serve as mobile sensors, providing opportunities of reducing dependencies on conventional vehicle detectors for signal operation. However, most of the existing studies mainly focus on scenarios that penetration rates of CVs reach certain level, e.g., 25%, which may not be feasible in the near future. How to utilize data from a small number of CVs to improve traffic signal operation remains an open question. In this work, we develop an approach to estimate traffic volume, a key input to many signal optimization algorithms, using GPS trajectory data from CV or navigation devices under low market penetration rates. To estimate traffic volumes, we model vehicle arrivals at signalized intersections as a time-dependent Poisson process, which can account for signal coordination. The estimation problem is formulated as a maximum likelihood problem given multiple observed trajectories from CVs approaching to the intersection. An expectation maximization (EM) procedure is derived to solve the estimation problem. Two case studies were conducted to validate our estimation algorithm. One uses the CV data from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment (SPMD) project, in which around 2800 CVs were deployed in the City of Ann Arbor, MI. The other uses vehicle trajectory data from users of a commercial navigation service in China. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimation is found to be 9–12%, based on benchmark data manually collected and data from loop detectors. Considering the existing scale of CV deployments, the proposed approach could be of significant help to traffic management agencies for evaluating and operating traffic signals, paving the way of using CVs for detector-free signal operation in the future.     

Congestion and pollution consequences of driving-to-school trips: A case study in Beijing

Parents compete for high-quality education for their children by enrolling them in good schools. However, in a Chinese mega-city like Beijing, three factors jointly lead to the spatial separation between schools and homes: the centralized public goods provision mechanism, the historical dependency in school location, and the constrained supply of housing in downtown. Without an adequate number of school buses, this spatial separation of schools and homes triggers the numerous long-distance driving-to-school trips by private vehicle during workday morning rush hours in Beijing. We use the start and end dates of “school holiday” as exogenous repeated shocks to the aggregate traffic congestion, and employ the two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression approach to examine the congestion and pollution consequences of such driving-to-school trips in Beijing. We find that, all else being equal, workdays during school holidays have a traffic congestion index 20% lower than that of non-school-holiday workdays. Such a sharp reduction in congestion leads to a significant decrease in PM₁₀ concentration. Policymakers should lower such “extra” congestion and environmental costs via optimizing the spatial balance between school supply and demand.     

BIM技术在清华珠三角公建项目施工中的应用研究

随着科技的进步及项目管理水平的提高,BIM技术应运而生。本文以清华珠三角研究院粤港澳大湾区创新基地项目为依托,从应用目标、应用前准备工作、前期策划管理、技术管理、质量安全管理、物资设备管理、进度管理、经济成本管理等方面开展BIM技术在公建项目施工中的应用研究,结果表明:使用BIM技术,使项目管理走向精细化、全面化、高效化,并提高质量标准,增加安全保障,减少项目成本,提高项目利润率;同时与AI技术相结合,使BIM技术更加具有简便性,产出更大效益。     

高等级公路监理工程项目管理综述

监理是一个项目管理的系统工程,有着严格的制度和程序,有助于有效控制工程的进度、质量和费用,实时监测发现施工过程中的问题,第一时间进行反馈,保证路面施工质量,对后续路面开放运营的质量具有明显作用.     

铁路工程建设通用参考图《混凝土拌和站》内容要点及应用解析

混凝土拌和站是铁路建设中数量最多的大临工程之一,规划与设计是其建设的基础工作,为实现混凝土拌和站建设的规范化和标准化设计,中铁第五勘察设计院集团有限公司主持编制铁路工程建设通用参考图《混凝土拌和站》〔通临(2012)8401〕。结合相关科研课成果和工程设计实践,对通用参考图《混凝土拌和站》的编制原则、设计参数、主要内容、适用范围及注意事项进行论述,以求更好地对通用参考图宣贯和释义。     

复杂地形条件下桥隧相连隧道洞口结构设计研究

蒙华铁路坪桥1号隧道进口洞顶基岩外凸、洞顶以下岩面高且直立、洞顶上部地形偏压高陡,地形条件极其复杂。营盘山大桥与坪桥1号隧道进口紧密相连,存在桥台与隧道洞门结构相互干扰以及边坡防护、隧道出洞和洞口场地布置等一系列难题,设计难度极大。为解决这些难题,通过对现场实际地形、地质情况进行研究,对比分析"整体式"与"分离式"桥隧相连结构的优缺点,提出桥台与隧道相结合的"整体式"桥隧相连结构方案;同时,针对地形偏压高陡,提出非对称结构设计方案,实现了隧道"零"仰坡出洞,解决了洞口边坡防护的难题;最后,提出架立临时贝雷梁的方案,解决了隧道出洞及洞口场地布置的难题。     

施工现场质量管理

施工现场质量管理是施工过程中质量管理的重要组成部分,切实抓好现场质量管理是创造优良工程的关键,施工单位要狠抓质量管理,使工程质量得到全面提高。对施工现场管理的概念、意义和内容进行阐述,从而提出合理规划施工场地,科学管理施工人员,建立文明施工现场的管理模式。