机车轴端光电转速传感器优化设计

针对原有基于TB/T 2760—1999标准设计生产的光电式转速传感器在机车速度提高后不断发生故障的现象,采用高速编码器等新技术、新工艺、新材料对产品整体进行有针对性的优化设计,并对优化设计后传感器的总体结构和主要技术特点进行了介绍。试验验证以及在各机务段的批量装车考核表明,新产品性能优良,各项性能指标均很好地满足了设计要求。     

应用光纤光栅传感技术监测铁路钢桥螺栓断裂脱落的模型试验研究

为控制铁路钢桥高强度螺栓断裂脱落造成的铁路运营安全隐患,提出了一种基于光纤光栅传感技术的螺栓断裂脱落监测方法。从螺栓断裂脱落监测和防护2方面入手,设计了针对联结节点螺栓群的防护装置,避免断裂螺栓脱落侵入线路。以断裂螺栓部件冲击防护装置产生的应变作为脱落损伤标识量,利用布置于钢桁梁上的光纤光栅传感器测量应变,根据应变的变化确定螺栓断裂脱落情况。通过制作钢桥横联联结节点模型开展了螺栓断裂脱落监测试验,试验结果表明,该方法能够有效监测螺栓断裂脱落的时间、数量及位置信息,初步验证了应用于螺栓断裂脱落监测的可行性,为工程应用奠定了基础。     

光纤光栅及其在传感技术中的应用

主要对光纤光栅的工作原理进行了阐述,并着重以光纤Bragg光栅传感器为例介绍了这一新兴科技在传感器技术中的应用,特别阐述了光纤光栅传感器在民用结构中的用途,从而指出了光栅传感器目前最热门的研究方向是光栅传感器的实际应用研究.     

A real-time impact detection and diagnosis system of catenary using measured strains by fibre Bragg grating sensors

This paper describes an impact detection system using strain signals based on fibre optic sensors(FBG) for the real-time monitoring of the catenary system. The proposed detection system consists of three subsystems: a measuring system, a data processing and analysis system, and a status display and data access system. Because the strain signals obey the normal distribution, to monitor the catenary system in real time, a novel method that combines mobile standard deviation with the mobile Pauta criterion is proposed to distinguish real impact from the strain signal background. The use of this adaptive judging method reduces the misjudgment rate of impacts and improves the impact recognition accuracy. These impacts can be identified by the data analysis system, which provides impact location and their causes using the features of the catenary system. This method can simplify the detection system compared with the traditional location method. An application to a commercial metro line system indicated that the impacts on the catenary system were main caused by overlaps, expansion joints or steady arms, and were verified by correspondence with the floor plan of the catenary and manual inspection results. These results verified the reliability and effectiveness of the proposed impact detection system.     

Development of a new time domain-based algorithm for train detection and axle counting

This paper presents an innovative train detection algorithm, able to perform the train localisation and, at the same time, to estimate its speed, the crossing times on a fixed point of the track and the axle number. The proposed solution uses the same approach to evaluate all these quantities, starting from the knowledge of generic track inputs directly measured on the track (for example, the vertical forces on the sleepers, the rail deformation and the rail stress). More particularly, all the inputs are processed through cross-correlation operations to extract the required information in terms of speed, crossing time instants and axle counter. This approach has the advantage to be simple and less invasive than the standard ones (it requires less equipment) and represents a more reliable and robust solution against numerical noise because it exploits the whole shape of the input signal and not only the peak values. A suitable and accurate multibody model of railway vehicle and flexible track has also been developed by the authors to test the algorithm when experimental data are not available and in general, under any operating conditions (fundamental to verify the algorithm accuracy and robustness). The railway vehicle chosen as benchmark is the Manchester Wagon, modelled in the Adams VI-Rail environment. The physical model of the flexible track has been implemented in the Matlab and Comsol Multiphysics environments. A simulation campaign has been performed to verify the performance and the robustness of the proposed algorithm, and the results are quite promising. The research has been carried out in cooperation with Ansaldo STS and ECM Spa.     

基于光纤光栅传感的铁路异物侵限监测系统研究

随着我国铁路建设进入快速发展时期,对铁路安全运输提出了更高的要求,建立铁路异物侵限监测系统显得很有必要。由此提出用光纤布喇格光栅应力传感器替代传统的电类传感器,分析了光纤布喇格光栅应力传感器的工作原理,设计了基于光纤光栅传感的铁路异物侵限监测系统并分析了预警过程。所设计的铁路异物侵限监测系统实现了分布式测量、光缆传输、系统集成、实时监测、在线控制等功能,为列车安全运行提供了可靠保障。     

基于光纤光栅传感技术的江阴大桥结构应变监测研究

江阴大桥自1999年通车以来,就一直经历着大交通和重载交通的双重考验.主桥钢箱梁受交通荷载的影响最为直接,极易因荷载的不断作用而产生疲劳损伤.对荷载影响反应最直接的就是主桥钢箱梁结构的内部应变,通过对结构应变的监测,可以较好地掌握桥梁受动态荷载作用下的结构响应.本文采用光纤光栅传感技术对钢箱梁结构的重点部位进行应变监测...     

光纤光栅传感测量中交叉敏感问题及解决方案

目前已有的基于光栅Bragg光栅的各种传感器,基本上都是直接或间接的利用应变和温度改变光纤的中心波长,以达到测试所需被测量的目的。但是中心波长不仅会随测试点的应变发生改变,还会随着环境温度的波动而发生变化,即存在温度和应变交叉敏感的问题。解决温度、应变交叉敏感问题即实现温度和应变的分离检测是光纤Bragg光栅应变传感器得到实际应用的重要前提[1]。文章从理论上分析了引起交叉敏感的物理机制,较为全面地介绍了几种主要的解决方案,并对其主要特点进行了简单的分析。     

基于FBG传感器的船体结构实时监测系统

为实时监测船舶在高速航行时船体结构的状态,评估船体关键部位的强度,提高船舶的安全性.基于FBG传感技术,结合船体结构特征,采用信号处理和强度评估等理论,构建船体结构强度监测体系,以实现船体结构典型位置技术状态监测及预警判断.研究成果可为各种类型船舶的安全健康监测提供一定的借鉴和参考.     

光纤光栅锚端预应力传感器的研究

针对传统检测方法长期稳定性差、不能实现分布式测量、信号不能远距离传输等缺点,基于光线光栅的优点,以及预应力钢绞线的特殊结构和复杂工作情况,提出基于光纤光栅的预应力结构锚端传感测试方案,对光纤光栅预应力传感器进行研究。实验结果表明,该传感器重复性好,测量精度高,可以满足预应力锚端监测的需要。