采用不同本构模型对盾构施工引起地层位移的数值模拟研究

为揭示莫尔-库伦模型和修正剑桥模型在模拟盾构施工引起地层位移的不同,以能够反映施工工况的地层损失率为控制参数,采用2种模型模拟盾构施工引起的地层位移,从机制上分析2种模型计算结果的不同,并与Peck公式的计算结果和实测数据进行对比。主要结论如下： 1）莫尔-库伦模型计算的隧道中心的最大沉降大于实测数据和Peck公式的计算结果,计算的远离隧道中心处的位移为回弹性质。 2）修正剑桥模型计算的最大沉降与实测数据和Peck公式的计算结果基本吻合,但计算的沉降槽宽度偏大。     

城市隧道穿越填方地带数值模拟及沉降控制研究

控制地表沉降对于地铁隧道的施工意义重大,尤其是在闹市区穿越块、碎石土填方地带时如何保证洞内围岩稳定、有效控制地表沉降是目前地铁隧道施工中的一大技术难题.以重庆地铁三号线一段复杂地质段隧道开挖为例,针对开挖过程中出现地表路面沉降过大、构筑物开裂等问题,根据实际开挖过程建立隧道-土体-构筑物相互作用的三维有限元模型,对施工沉降产生的原因进行模拟对比分析和评价,在此基础上提出超前加固、及时支护等控制沉降的技术措施.监测结果显示采用改进技术措施后能有效控制拱顶下沉和地表沉降量,收敛值显著减小,说明改进施工方案达到了控制沉降、变形的目的.     

膨胀岩土地层修建盾构隧道引起的局部膨胀荷载研究

从理论上推导了岩土局部膨胀引起的附加膨胀荷载计算公式;结合数值分析方法,研究了不同位置、不同范围发生地层局部膨胀对衬砌结构接触压力增量的影响.结果表明:膨胀荷载与岩土膨胀力大小、应力水平、地层抗力、膨胀后岩土物性参数等因素有关,因地层局部膨胀引起的衬砌结构承受附加膨胀荷载值小于室内测得的膨胀力;岩土吸水膨胀后,地层抗力显著降低,对地层膨胀区及影响区隧道衬砌结构承受的荷载分布产生显著影响;若膨胀力较小,吸水后软化作用强于膨胀作用,会导致衬砌承受的荷载减小.     

岸边集装箱起重机桁架式主梁结构改进

为解决丹东港2000型岸边集装箱起重机前大梁两侧铰连板焊缝开裂的问题,对桁架式主梁结构进行了改造。分析焊缝开裂原因,提出改进措施。改造取得良好效果。     

浅谈高速公路排水的优化完善

通过介绍平榆高速公路修建中,排水优化完善的过程和所采用的处理方法,分析了处理路基排水问题和处理已有水利管网与路基相交叉时采用的方法,处理问题时应注意的主要事项和关键时间,浅谈了高速公路排水优化完善的方法,为高速公路的排水设计和施工提出几点建议。     

运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖环境问题分析及对策

通过调查对运城地区高速公路服务设施冬季采暖存在的环境问题进行分析,结合国家节能减排要求,提出了利用地源热泵清洁能源代替燃煤锅炉的对策措施,并从技术、经济和环境方面分析了地源热泵技术应用的可行性。     

Ground delay program planning under uncertainty in airport capacity

Abstract

This paper presents an algorithm for assigning flight departure delays under probabilistic airport capacity. The algorithm dynamically adapts to weather forecasts by revising, if necessary, departure delays. The proposed algorithm leverages state-of-the-art optimization techniques that have appeared in recent literature. As a case study, the algorithm is applied to assigning departure delays to flights scheduled to arrive at San Francisco International Airport in the presence of uncertainty in the fog clearance time. The cumulative distribution function of fog clearance time was estimated from historical data. Using daily weather forecasts to update the probabilities of fog clearance times resulted in improvement of the algorithm's performance. Experimental results also indicate that if the proposed algorithm is applied to assign ground delays to flights inbound at San Francisco International airport, overall delays could be reduced up to 25% compared to current level.     

Light Rail Rapid Transit systems for more sustainable ground accessibility of airports

This paper investigates the potential of Light Rail Rapid Transit (LRRT) to mitigate the environmental and social burden of ground access systems of an airport. This implies, on the one hand, LRRT's capability in mitigating externalities in terms of noise, air pollution/climate change, traffic incidents/accidents and congestion of airport ground access systems and, on the other, the provision of sufficient capacity to accommodate generally increasing volumes of both air passenger and airport employee demand by connecting the airport to its core catchment area. A methodology for assessing the capability of LRRT operating as an airport ground access system is developed. This methodology consists of models to analyze and predict demand and capacity for an LRRT system and models to quantify the externalities of particular airport ground access systems as well as assessing their prospective savings thanks to the introduction of an LRRT system. The methodology is applied to a large European airport – Amsterdam Schiphol (the Netherlands) – using a ‘what-if?’ scenario approach.     

边坡治理方案优选的模糊多属性决策改进方法

由于边坡治理方案优选中的多层次、多目标、模糊性等特征给决策过程所带来的困难,提出了基于模糊多属性决策方法的边坡治理方案的改进评价体系;采用AHP与DEA的组合方法来确定了评价指标的权重,给出了边坡治理方案优选的一种改进的决策与评价模型,为边坡治理方案提供了一种更加合理可行的方法。并把该模型用于某公路边坡治理方案的优选过程中得到了较好的结果。     

探地雷达在隧道岩溶探测中的应用

某在建隧道地质情况复杂,开挖过程中,隧道底部出现溶洞,地下水发育,已完成的仰拱段可能存在岩溶分布。通过探地雷达的探测,分析该隧道段的典型波形图,确定出了该段隧道底部岩溶的分布情况,并通过钻探资料验证,两者基本一致,为隧道安全施工提供了保障。