软弱地基条件下大型矿石堆场斗轮机基础的设计与研究

通过建立矿石堆场地基的二维有限元模型,对矿石堆场下软弱地基的应力变形进行模拟计算,计算中采用了土体的线弹性模型和剑桥模型进行对比分析。重点研究了各种工况下堆场地基的水平、竖向变形问题,对荷载作用下斗轮机基础的长桩基、短桩基以及片筏基础设计方案进行计算,并与无基础方案进行对比分析,得出各种工况下不同基础的变位情况。计算研究成果直接为工程地基处理方案的确定及斗轮机基础的详细设计提供了依据。     

强夯置换法在码头前沿区地基处理中的应用

强夯置换法综合了强夯加固和复合地基的优点,经济有效,但其夯击能在地基中产生的波场对周围建筑物产生着冲击作用,常常制约着其应用。采用特殊的小底面积置换夯锤,并采用渐变的夯击能量,应用强夯置换法对码头前沿区地基进行了加固处理。结果证明,应用此工艺,能有效地控制夯击能量对已有码头建筑的影响,处理后的地基亦满足工程需要。     

Passengers’ willingness to pay for airport ground access time savings

There are cases when passengers are willing to pay a premium to reduce the travel time, in particular when the trip has to be made. This paper aims to provide insight into factors that determine passengers’ willingness to pay to reduce travel time for their ground access to an airport. A methodology is developed that comprises two steps: the identification of the passengers with zero willingness to pay and from the rest the estimation of the additional price they are willing to pay to reduce their travel time. For the first step a Probit model was formulated and for the second a linear regression model. To this purpose, data has been collected employing stated preference from passengers at the Athens International Airport. It has been found that a high percentage of passengers have zero willingness to pay, and of the remaining ones those using public transport have a significant willingness to pay to reduce access travel time. The methodology and the models are structured in such a way that their transferability to any airport environment is possible, thus providing a useful tool for decisions relating to airport ground access measures.     

Numerical modeling of ground response during diaphragm wall construction

Construction of diaphragm wall panels may cause considerable stress changes in heavily overconsolidated soil deposits and can induce substantial ground movement. The 3D Lagrangian method was adopted to model the mechanical response of ground, including horizontal normal stress and shear stress, lateral ground displacement and vertical ground surface settlement, during the slurry trenching and concreting of diaphragm wall panels. Numerical results show that slurry trenching leads to horizontal stress relief of ground, reducing the horizontal stress of the ground from initial K0 pressure to hydrostatic betonite pressure. Wet concrete pressure lies between the hydrostatic bentonite pressure and the initial K0 pressure, so it can compensate partially the horizontal stress loss of the ground adjacent to the trench and thus reduce the lateral movement of the trench face as well as the vertical settlement of the ground surface.     

有软弱下卧层时确定天然地基上基础底面积的简便方法

在进行天然地基上浅基础的设计时,必须验算地基承载力.如果存在软弱下卧层,还必须进行软弱下卧层承载力验算.     

复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料研究

为解决传统注浆材料耗费水泥量极大的问题,需研制出工作性能好和经济环保的注浆材料。通过对比不同体系双液注浆材料的性能,优选出复掺钢渣与矿渣的水泥-水玻璃双液注浆材料,并研究钢渣与矿渣的掺量、水玻璃的体积掺量及水灰质量比等对双液注浆材料工作性能、胶凝性能和抗压强度等的影响规律。研究结果表明： 当钢渣与矿渣的掺量为60%,水玻璃的体积掺量为 20%~30%、水灰质量比为0.7~1.0时,所制备的浆液凝胶时间可控,流动度在300 mm以上,3 d的抗压强度在13 MPa以上。     

软土地层浅覆土下钢管幕顶进沉降分析

为研究软土地层超浅覆土下钢管幕顶进施工引起的地层沉降规律与机制,以上海中环线田林路节点改善工程为依托,采用现场试验方法,对整个管幕顶进周期内地表初期沉降、累积沉降与工后沉降的变化发展进行分析,研究不同工况条件下地表沉降发展规律。结果表明： 试验结束后地表最大沉降为9.8 mm,管幕群施工对地表沉降具有累积作用; 单根钢管顶进时后半段隆起,隆起值在精度允许范围内; 管幕上方1倍管幕埋深范围内地层沉降变化明显,顺接管施工的工后沉降较大,采取洞口止水措施能有效减缓地层损失。     

软土刀具的磨损预测——一种研究刀具磨损系统中主要影响因素的新方法

硬岩隧道掘进机的性能很大程度上取决于其切削刀具的磨损情况。刀具的磨损会降低掘进速度,进而导致掘进时间延长、项目成本增加。通常在隧道项目的规划阶段使用预测模型来进行磨损预测,而常规的磨损试验对磨损系统的考虑还不够准确,并没有考虑到刀具/土体的相互作用、周围介质（水、膨润土）以及掘进过程中的荷载等因素。针对该问题,专门设计了一个水平放置的磨损试验设备。本文介绍了该试验方法,研究并讨论了磨损系统相关因素对磨损率的影响。结果表明,该设备可模拟真实的掘进过程,很好地解决了上述问题,达到了高效、准确预测磨损的效果。     

软土深部盾构开挖地层损失率对软土土拱效应的影响分析

盾构在软土深部地层进行主动开挖时,开挖所采取的地层损失率差异,会使得深部地层土体产生不同的位移以及应力变化,从而对软土深部地层的主动土拱效应产生差异影响。通过调整计算模型中的主动开挖土体范围,设定7种不同的地层损失率,建立地层损失与软土主动土拱效应比例之间的对应关系。通过分析可得： 1）盾构在4倍直径埋深条件下进行主动开挖时,在隧道上方1~2倍直径范围内形成主动土拱作用区域; 2）主动开挖所采取的地层损失率越大,开挖后拱顶处所受到的主动土压力荷载越小,土拱效应发挥越充分,且当地层损失率到达一定值时,盾构开挖所产生的主动土拱效应比例逐渐趋近于稳定临界值。     

全断面硬岩地层盾构隧道管片上浮控制技术研究

为了解决盾构在全断面硬岩地层中管片上浮的问题,确保管片衬砌的施工质量,结合广州7号线某全断面硬岩段的盾构施工,从力学条件和空间条件等方面分析了导致管片上浮的原因和机制,从盾构施工和设计等方面提出了减小管片上浮的新措施。包括:采用豆砾石回填灌浆工艺进行管片壁后填充、利用止浆环与隔水环防止浆液流失、半敞开式掘进提高同步注浆的填充效果、采用前盾底部设计千斤顶防止盾构栽头等。