What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

高速磁浮列车导向系统的鲁棒控制器设计

导向系统是高速磁浮列车中的关键子系统之一,针对导向系统工作电流变化范围大的特点,设计了降低静态电流灵敏度的鲁棒导向控制器。在介绍导向系统结构和控制方案的基础上给出导向系统线性化的数学模型,并采用线性最优二次型设计方法设计最优控制器,结合仿真讨论最优控制器无法在整个工作范围内保证导向系统具有相近性能的原因,而后建立了导向系统对于静态电流的参数灵敏度模型,并采用降低参数灵敏度的鲁棒控制理论对最优控制器设计方法进行改进,设计了鲁棒控制器。仿真和试验表明,该鲁棒控制器能够增强导向系统对静态电流变化的鲁棒性。     

A multi-class model-based control scheme for reducing congestion and emissions in freeway networks by combining ramp metering and route guidance

The paper proposes a multi-class control scheme for freeway traffic networks. This control scheme combines two control strategies, i.e. ramp metering and route guidance, in order to reduce the total time spent and the total emissions in a balanced way. In particular, the ramp metering and route guidance controllers are feedback predictive controllers, i.e. they compute the control actions not only on the basis of the measured system state, but also on the basis of the prediction of the system evolution, in terms of traffic conditions and traffic emissions. Another important feature of the controllers is that they have a multi-class nature: different classes of vehicles are considered and specific control actions are computed for each class. Since the controllers are based on a set of parameters that need to be tuned, the overall control framework also includes a module to properly determine the gains of the controllers. The simulation analysis reported in the paper shows the effectiveness of the proposed control framework and, in particular, the possibility of implementing control policies that are specific for each vehicle type.     

城市交通管理控制与诱导系统的协同关系

广义城市交通管理系统由交通控制和车辆诱导系统组成。2者的关联、依存以及协同作用揭示了城市交通及交通管理系统的内在规律。分析了协调交通控制和车辆诱导系统的必要性,以及2者之间存在的多层次关联,并对其协同工作的框架结构进行了初步探讨。     

A FEATURE SELECTION ALGORITHM DESIGN AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN INTRUSION DETECTION SYSTEM

Innetworkintrusiondetection ,on linebehav iorpatternsareestablishedaccordingtocollectedda ta ,thenintrusiondetectionrulesaregeneratedbasedonthesepatterns[1 ] .Accordingtotheserules,wecandeterminewhichbehaviorisinvasion .Thecor rectdecisionreliesontheaccuratedatausedforthedetermination .Becausethedatagatheredbythecol lectorarehugeinquantityandhavemanydescrip tionfeatures,someofthemareredundantwhichwillincreasethecostofpatternsmining ,evensomearethemainsourcesofnoisewhichwillmisleadus .Selecting…     

城市高架桥下空间利用的模式和案例

目前针对桥下空间的规划与使用我国尚无统一标准,如何更加丰富、合理地开发这些条件受限的空间区域对城市土地资源的集约利用具有重要意义.在此背景下分析了常规城市高架桥下空间利用的限制因素,并介绍了国内外一些较为典型的桥下空间开发的模式和案例,以期为从事城市规划、设计的广大同仁们提供借鉴和参考.     

机车自导向径向转向架的牵引与导向

使用径向转向架是为了解决曲线通过时轮缘磨耗而提出的一种解决方案,是提高山区运行速度很有前途的一种设计,但是由于机车需要靠轮对传递牵引力,其径向转向架在导向机理以及结构实现方面与车辆径向转向架都有很大的不同。本文对不同驱动扭矩下传统与径向转向架的冲角、脱轨系数、扰动角及纵横向作用力进行了计算,从而得出了存在牵引力情况下对自导向径向转向架导向的影响。      

树立创新意识加强大学生的就业指导工作

当前就业形势十分严峻,大学生的就业指导工作也具有时代色彩,需要不断创新,具体包括：一、指导学生转变就业观念;二、树立劳动即就业的观念;三、对学生进行全程性就业指导;四、改革毕业实习的形式等。     

美国舰载无人机系统研究

针对美国海军现有舰载无人机系统发展现状,开展舰载无人机系统发展研究。文章对无人机平台、任务载荷、测控与信息传输终端、着舰引导设施、舰面控制站、发射与回收装置、专用维护保障设施等方面进行分析,研究了舰机适配性,最后预测了舰载无人机系统的未来发展方向。     

城市停车诱导信息系统理论动态研究

本文按照配备停车诱导信息系统条件下停车选择模型、显示优化技术,设计思想和管理规定三方面阐述了国外城市停车诱导信息系统理论研究的既有成果,从结构组成探讨,服务功能和显示技术、相关模型三方面概括了国内对谊系统研究的基本情况。国外在谊领域研究实践的广度和深度都领先于国内．总结了目前理论研究存在的不足．最后提出了停车小区和停车片区的新概念,并对未来城市停车诱导信息系统理论研究动态进行展望．