A multi-spring model for monopile analysis in soft clays

The offshore wind industry in China has seen a rapid development in recent years and is projected to account for half of global yearly installed capacity in the years to come. Monopiles are a popular foundation solution for supporting offshore wind turbines. However, due to challenging seabed soil conditions, which often feature thick normally consolidated soft clays and harsh environmental loading (i.e. frequent occurrence of typhoons), extremely long monopiles are often designed. The large monopiles are costly to fabricate and install and sometimes kills the viability of the concept in cases where the bedrock is relatively shallow and expensive piling in rock is otherwise required. However, the state-of-practice for designing these monopiles in clays is typically by using the API p-y springs, which are widely known to underestimate soil-pile interaction stiffness and capacity for large diameter monopiles. Improvement to the design method can therefore have significant economic implications to the industry. The paper presents an effort toward this direction. A multi-spring beam-column model suitable for monopile design in soil conditions in China is proposed. The model features three soil spring components, namely the lateral p-y spring, the pile tip base shear s-y spring and rotational m-θ springs along the pile shaft. The validity of the model is verified by a comprehensive suite finite element parametric analyses. Guidance for incorporating the cyclic loading effect into design is also provided. The model proposed in this paper has large potentials for application in design practice.     

A signal-based fault detection and classification method for heavy haul wagons

This paper proposes a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) system for heavy haul wagons considering the special requirements of low cost and robustness. The sensor network of the proposed system consists of just two accelerometers mounted on the front left and rear right of the carbody. Seven fault indicators (FIs) are proposed based on the cross-correlation analyses of the sensor-collected acceleration signals. Bolster spring fault conditions are focused on in this paper, including two different levels (small faults and moderate faults) and two locations (faults in the left and right bolster springs of the first bogie). A fully detailed dynamic model of a typical 40t axle load heavy haul wagon is developed to evaluate the deterioration of dynamic behaviour under proposed fault conditions and demonstrate the detectability of the proposed FDI method. Even though the fault conditions considered in this paper did not deteriorate the wagon dynamic behaviour dramatically, the proposed FIs show great sensitivity to the bolster spring faults. The most effective and efficient FIs are chosen for fault detection and classification. Analysis results indicate that it is possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25% and identify the fault location.     

精轧螺纹吊底平台在大体积高桩墩台中的应用与创新

从工程实际出发,对墩台施工水上作业平台工艺进行对比分析,介绍精轧螺纹吊底平台的工艺特点、原理、流程及操作要点。结合全直桩基墩台结构特点,对桩基与上部结构连接方式的设计进行创新,在钢管桩外侧设置4块扇形钢板,并围焊成环形,与精轧螺纹吊底平台共同形成一种新型组合支承结构,提高吊底和底模的周转率,加快工程进度,确保大体积高桩墩台施工的安全和质量,经济和技术效益明显。可为类似墩台施工、钢管桩与上部结构连接方式设计提供参考。     

卵形钢丝气门弹簧多目标优化设计

气门弹簧广泛应用以卵形钢丝为截面的弹簧.以最大切应力最小和质量最轻作为设计目标,采用NSGA-Ⅱ算法基于MATLAB对卵形钢丝气门弹簧进行多目标优化设计.针对一实例的优化结果表明,可以准确快速得到可靠的Pareto最优解集,该优化设计方法可以为卵形钢丝气门弹簧设计提供参考.     

地铁车站中庭方案结构探讨

介绍某地铁车站因站位设置及管线原因采用特殊的中庭方案,以获得良好的空间感觉。与一般标准车站相比,结构侧墙及柱受力不利,因此将车站简化为平面框架模型计算。得到的结构内力表明,结构侧墙及柱受力在规范允许的范围内,证明这种新颖车站形式是可行的。     

气动弹簧在绞吸挖泥船低频振动控制中的应用

针对绞吸挖泥船铰刀旋转切削岩石时产生的低频振动问题,基于气动弹簧的结构形式、受力分析及固有频率低的特点,研究气动弹簧在绞吸挖泥船上的应用方案,并利用船体和生活楼的位移反馈信号控制气动弹簧减振系统的工作状态,同时还介绍了船舶设计过程中需注意的问题。     

逆向支撑底模反吊在水中防撞墩台施工中的应用

在航道整治工程中设置的桥梁防撞墩,由于墩台的底部经常设置在常年平均水位之下,无法按常规方法采用底部模板正向支撑系统施工。通过采用逆向支撑底模反吊方案,将钢木组合整体模板吊装入水,墩台分层浇筑的方式进行施工。该方案无需设置围堰,形成干地施工条件,成功解决水下混凝土浇筑和模板拆除难的问题,也解决通航水域狭小、操作空间有限、保证正常通航的问题,具有施工方便、安全性高、墩台施工精度易于控制的优点。     

内置橡胶支撑体空气弹簧冲击隔离分析

针对内置橡胶支撑体空气弹簧的冲击隔离问题,建立了理论模型,并给出数值解法。采用该模型和解法进行实例分析,得到了相关结论。     

青岛地铁蓄电池工程维护车车钩挂梁结构设计

文章分析了青岛地铁2号线蓄电池工程维护车出现车钩"低头"现象的原因,并给出了一种通过加装车钩挂梁结构以支撑车钩的解决方案。文章还对挂梁结构进行了强度校核,确保该结构满足实际工况需求。     

空气弹簧对车辆曲线通过性能的影响

建立了考虑左右空气弹簧垂向耦合模型的车辆系统数学模型,由理想气体的状态方程得到空气弹簧的力学方程,分析了车辆通过曲线时车辆与空气弹簧的动态特性。仿真结果表明:由于高度阀的动作,车辆在驶出曲线后各空气弹簧的压力不一致,导致车体不能回到静平衡位置;车辆以正常速度通过曲线时,车辆曲线通过动力学性能变化不大;在车辆多次通过同一种曲线的较恶劣工况时,空气弹簧内气压变化范围是一定的;增加抗侧滚刚度能明显抑制车体侧滚,从而减小空气弹簧内气压的变化量;增大空气弹簧横向跨距,并选择合适的刚度和阻尼,能使车辆驶出曲线后各空气弹簧压力接近静平衡值。