三灰碎石基层路用性能研究

通过干燥收缩性能试验、温度收缩性能试验、疲劳试验、冻融试验、抗压强度试验、抗压回弹模量试验、劈裂强度和抗折强度试验,研究分析了三灰碎石的路用性能。     

浅析城市道路设计中路线方案的比选——以兰州市南环路(西客站段)联通工程方案为例

城市道路建设过程中,存在各种不确定因素。当道路沿线构筑物较多、周边环境较为复杂时,需进行多方案的比选,在兼顾经济指标与技术指标的前提下确定切实可行的路线方案。结合兰州市南环路(西客站段)联通工程方案,总结了城市建设中路线方案比选的几点思考,供道路专业人员参考。     

收费公路资产证券化定价及发行方法研究

从数据驱动视角出发,本文探讨收费公路资产支持证券的结构化定价方法。首先,构建反 映交通量风险特征的收费公路通行收入自回归积分滑动平均模型;其次,基于瀑布式偿付结构和 到期收益率Nelson-Siegel模型计算不同等级证券发债规模与息票利率;最后结合成渝高速和渝 蓉高速现实数据进行仿真分析。研究发现,高速公路成熟期的通行收入具有尖峰厚尾特征,成长 期的通行收入更兼具显著的波动聚集效应。数据驱动的定价模型能够刻画通行收入的风险特 征,合理估计优先级的证券融资比例,比只考虑利率风险的现金流折现法更具有优势;从发行方 式来看,合并发行的融资结构显著优于单独发行。管理启示是改变以单个高速公路项目为基础 的特许经营权融资,通过绩优绩差项目的合并发行优化融资结构。     

基于因子分析法的公路运输绩效评价研究

公路运输是国民经济的基础产业,提高公路运输绩效是发展国民经济的根本途径。在构建公路运输绩效评价指标体系的基础上,利用2003年的调研统计资料,用因子分析法对全国各省市的公路运输系统绩效进行综合评价,指出影响道路运输系统绩效的主要因素,将各省的公路运输系统绩效进行比较,探索影响排名的因素,明确提高公路运输绩效的方向。     

道路危险等级评定及排查治理效果评价体系研究

在当前全国各地积极开展对道路危险路段、事故多发点段进行排查、治理的背景下,提出要对筛选出的道路危险源进行等级评定,科学排序后分期分批治理,并对治理效果进行综合评价的理念,可为在我国建立道路危险路段、事故多发点段排查与治理效果评估体系提供参考。     

Alternative fuels for transportation

The alternatives to the oil based fuels for transportation are considered and analysed. These are the synthetic fuels, made from coal, the liquid petroleum gases of propane and butane, compressed natural gas and methanol. The problems associated with the use of electric vehicles are discussed; the main problem being that of range.

The possible use of hydrogen as a fuel is analysed in some detail. Since its supply can be tied directly to nuclear energy sources, rather than hydrocarbon feed stocks, it could be an alternative in the long term. The main problems of the storage of hydrogen on the vehicle and of its propensity to “back‐fire” into the engine intake are discussed. The first can be ameliorated and the second eliminated by dual fuelling; with petrol. It is advocated that the on‐board storage of hydrogen be by the use of hydrides for private cars. However, it is expected that it may be as liquid hydrogen for some forms of transport and will certainly be in this form for aircraft.     

National road mortality reduction targets under European Union road safety policy: 2011–2020

The European Union (EU) has proposed renewing the target for halving the number of road fatalities in the period 2011–2020. In this paper, a nonlinear distribution method for dynamic fatality reduction targets is applied for the purpose of finding individual national mortality reduction targets for each of the 27 member countries in the EU. Weighting is undertaken for four scenarios based on the following indicators: road mortality rates, fatality rates, fatality risks, and fatality density. Results are presented for four proposals to reduce the number of fatalities in each Member State, based on the original situation of the indicators considered in the study. The results seek to provide policy-makers with a broader vision with regard to the achievement of the goals of EU road safety policy.     

公路工程项目经济评价指标计算方法

为了对含有模糊基础数据和参数的公路工程项目方案进行有效评价, 建立了评价指标体系, 将评价指标分为梯形与三角形模糊变量, 在同一可能空间上或不同可能空间上进行模糊运算, 由Zadeh扩展原理得到模糊变量的隶属度, 利用模糊模拟技术计算模糊变量的可信值、关键值与期望值, 并利用计算值对项目进行了评价。评价结果表明: 评价项目的模糊期望净现值大于0, 可信值达到100%, 说明项目可行, 评价结果客观。     

沥青路面太阳能集热技术研究进展

地球上化石能源的储量是有限的,而人类发展对能源的需求是无限的。探索可再生能源的利用方法和提高现有能源的利用效率,是解决人类发展过程中能源和环境两个根本问题的主要途径。由于黑色沥青路面具有很强的吸收太阳能的能力,利用沥青路面吸收太阳能成为了一项新型的能源利用技术。基于我国在能源需求和沥青路面的养护技术等方面的现状,归纳了沥青路面太阳能集热技术的研究和应用进展,从理论和试验两个方面总结了沥青路面太阳能集热规律。指出了今后的研究工作主要集中在数值及试验研究太阳能的转换、沥青路面集热器的优化和能量的跨季节存储等方面。     

A scenario on the evolving road service informatics in Europe

Road Transport Informatics is being developed to improve road transport. Telecommunication links will connect microcomputers in vehicles with roadside beacons and traffic control centers. Drivers can get better information and guidance en route. If these functions are charged as services rather than sold as products, a better traffic can be obtained. This can improve traffic safety, efficiency and the environment.