TBM掘进中滚刀受力实时监测方法研究

由于掘进环境过于恶劣,TBM（tunnel boring machine）滚刀受力实时监测问题一直难以解决。文章根据对滚刀部件特征和荷载传递规律的分析,在C型垫块中嵌入应变计,提出有效的监测方法,并通过C型垫块的标定试验以及回转破岩试验,验证该监测方法的有效性和可行性。结果表明： 1）在不同贯入度下,根据受力监测方法得到的垂向荷载与油缸荷载大小稍有差别,但两者的变化趋势几乎是一致的,说明该监测方法具有可行性和有效性; 2）随着贯入度的增大,滚刀所受法向力和侧向力也在增大。     

土石混合体地层中基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道影响模型试验研究

为解决土石混合体地层中基坑开挖引起的隧道响应问题,采用非相似试验方法展开研究,土石混合体地层不连续的特性导致其中进行的基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道的影响更为复杂。针对土石混合体地层中基坑开挖对邻近既有隧道的影响问题,采用自主设计的非相似性模型试验模拟隧道旁基坑开挖过程,研究地层含石率w 对基坑开挖引起的隧道结构响应的影响规律。研究结果表明: 含石率w 的上升使得受开挖引起的隧道弯矩变化量的逐步下降;含石率在w<60%、w =60%及w =90%时,隧道管片周围土压力受开挖引起的变化呈现不同规律;当0%     

城际铁路大直径泥水盾构施工风险及对策——以佛莞城际铁路狮子洋隧道工程为例

盾构直径过大,其成本和安全风险也将成倍增加。结合佛莞城际铁路狮子洋隧道工程地质特性和工程重难点,分析大直径盾构在高水压、强透水性、复合地层施工过程中设备选型、长距离独头掘进、穿越软硬不均地层与断层破碎带等存在的风险。具体从常压刀盘、泥浆环流系统选型设计以提高设备适应性,制定开挖管理与泥浆管理并重的掘进参数控制方法,针对上软下硬和断层破碎带地层的施工风险控制等方面提出相应对策,规避地质重大风险,确保大直径水下盾构隧道的施工安全。     

大跨地铁隧道组合工法穿越断层时的围岩变形控制分析

以深圳轨道交通2号线新莲区间隧道为工程背景,针对大跨地铁隧道穿越断层的围岩变形与控制问题,采用FLAC3D数值模拟,分析双侧壁导坑工法与CD工法不同组合穿越断层的围岩变形规律与注浆控制效果。结果表明： 1）隧道穿越断层破碎带时,Ⅳ、Ⅴ级围岩交界并与断层相交的拱顶处以及Ⅴ级围岩与断层相交的拱腰处的围岩位移最大,是变形控制的关键部位; 2）双侧壁导坑法穿越断层对大跨地铁隧道的围岩变形控制较好,工程实际工法组合下围岩变形的最大影响范围为12.4 m,围岩位移控制较好,工法组合合理有效; 3）注浆加固对断层破碎带处围岩变形模式的影响与控制作用明显,注浆后围岩变形区域由未注浆的“枣核形”变为较均匀的“椭圆形”; 4）提出位移控制率均值的概念,以定量描述围岩的注浆效果,隧道穿越断层时3 m厚度注浆的围岩位移控制率均值达51%,围岩变形控制效果较优。     

Numerical Simulation and Analytical Solution of Hydraulic Fracturing in Sedimentary Rock Tunnels北大核心CSCD

In the whole process of survey, construction and operation of rock tunnels, hydraulic fracturing is a mechanical mechanism that needs to be focused. In this paper, numerical simulation for fracture damage constitutive model and analytical formula were used to study the hydraulic fracturing of stratified sedimentary rocks. Based on multi-field coupling finite element analysis software, and combining the linear elastic fracture criterion with the damage constitutive model, a seepage-stress-rock damage coupling model is redeveloped, in which micro cracks can be characterized, and applied to study the hydraulic fracturing of rock mass in the saturated seepage process. By introducing dispersed parallel micro cracks for simulating the beddings of sedimentary rocks, the sedimentary rock cylinder model was established to simulate the hydraulic fracturing behaviors under injecting water into apertures and acting of confining pressure, in order to study the fracturing failure modes and seepage distribution patterns. In addition, the quantitative relationship between the critical water pressure for initial cracking and the confining pressure, the pore diameter of specimens was discussed by changing the pore diameter and confining pressure. In order to verify the cracking initiation pressure law obtained by numerical simulation, based on the seepage theory and the basic equation of elastic mechanics, and combined with the tensile failure mode obtained in the simulation, the formula of critical water pressure for cracking initiation in the rock cylinder with uniform linear elastic seepage was derived. The results of analytical solution and numerical calculation show that the cracking initiation pressure obtained by the two methods is in good agreement with the deviation within 3%. The larger the confining pressure, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate linear relationship. The smaller the aperture, the larger the cracking initiation pressure, with the approximate negative slope linear relationship in a certain range. At the same time, the cracking initiation pressure by the analytical solution is always slightly greater than that of the numerical solution, which reflects the impact caused by the difference of the basic material hypothesis between the analytical method and the numerical method. When the material property parameters are consistent, the cracking initiation pressure based on the assumption of ideal linear elastomer will be greater than that of the material introduced into the initial damage bedding. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

Flexible Overlap Technology for the Lining Trolley of Single-track Railway Tunnels北大核心CSCD

Falling-off of rock piece at tunnel arch and invert heave are the main potential safety problems affecting normal operation of the railway tunnel. The reasons causing falling-off of rock piece include squeezing by lining trol⁃ ley at construction joint, concrete cutting by cantilever end of water stop at construction joint, construction cold joint at arch, concrete quality deficiency and so on. To eliminate the falling-off of rock piece at tunnel arch caused by rig⁃ id overlap, modification of lining trolley and the flexible overlap technique combining tray with rubber gasket were adopted during the construction of Nuwashan tunnel on China-Laos railway, and the potential quality problem due to rigid overlap at construction joint of tunnel lining were effectively solved. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

The Updated Concept of Conventional Tunnelling in Soft Surrounding Rocks北大核心CSCD

In a perspective of modern tunnelling philosophy, some problems on conventional tunnelling in soft rock mass were discussed. The development process of rock mechanical behavior and deformation caused by excava⁃ tion is attributed to the change course from yielding to discrete. Some effective control means were presented as well and the effect of advanced support system was evaluated. As to the deformation controlling technology for squeezing ground, the theory and design principle of yielding support system were introduced. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

整平船稳定性计算及预控措施

整平船在工作定位时,不均匀地质中的薄硬层穿透问题是影响安全的主要因素。如果不能在整平船预压载时,使支腿位于持力层,在整平船工作时可能因为动载问题引起"穿刺"的工程事故。结合国内外相关资料及港珠澳大桥工程现场的实际地质情况进行分析,对整平船支腿穿透硬层问题进行了稳定性验算和分析研究,得出在整平船支腿预压载过程中,穿越复合地基时,可能形成"穿刺"现象。在插入其他地质时,若出现软层夹杂薄硬层情况,需要通过稳定性系数确定是否会出现"穿刺"现象,提出了整平船穿透薄硬层时的预控措施。     

大型绞吸挖泥船挖岩绞刀切削数值模拟

针对绞刀切削岩石的特点,建立了考虑步进距离和切层厚度的绞刀受力模型,然后分别建立5 000 kW绞刀物理模型和有限元模型。分析了在反刀切削岩石时绞刀的受力情况,绞刀在最大功率时的应力和变形。计算表明,5 000 kW绞刀在设计工况下,最大变形为1.84 mm,最大应力为140.5 MPa,分别满足刚度要求和强度要求,验证了绞刀设计的合理性。     

公路隧道软弱围岩施工开挖受力特性研究

软弱围岩公路隧道开挖工程中经常遇到事故,因此研究隧道施工开挖围岩受力及变形特性对工程建设具有积极的指导意义。本文通过MIDAS有限元分析软件,构建了软弱围岩-隧道-岩土体相互耦合作用下的力学模型,研究分析了隧道开挖过程中围岩应力场分布、锚杆轴力、二次衬砌内力、拱顶下沉及隧道净空收敛规律。对进一步研究隧道开挖施工围岩受力特性研究提供了借鉴意义。