船用锅炉蒸汽余热吸附式空调的试验研究

吸附空调系统船用的关键是其供冷量能否适应船舶空调舱室热负荷的变化。在实验室中建立了由锅炉低压蒸汽驱动的五吸附床,制冷系统使用氨-复合吸附剂。根据夏季典型空调工况下计算的热负荷,实验研究了制冷系统供冷量与空调负荷变化之间的适配性。结果表明:系统供冷量除受循环冷却水和蒸汽的流量、温度的影响外,还受吸附床加热和冷却时间的影响;必须通过优化吸附床结构、调整吸附床的吸脱附时间,才能使蒸汽驱动的吸附制冷系统实用化。     

提高车用发动机能量利用率研究进展

描述了近几年车用汽油机发展的几种新技术,包括GDI和HCCI燃烧技术以及混合动力技术的应用和发展,分析了它们的特点和在节能、环保等方面的作用。介绍了利用发动机排气余热的温差发电技术。论述了利用发动机冷却水余热和排气余热来改善发动机性能的新技术,该技术通过一套发动机后接蒸气动力装置,回收发动机余热能量做功,从而提高发动机能量利用率。探讨了这一新技术的研究内容,展望了它的应用发展前景。     

Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

废旧电池粉末改性沥青的微观特性及其性能

为研究废旧电池粉末改性沥青的可行性，分别将不同掺量的废旧电池粉末加入70^#沥青中，以制备废旧电池粉末改性沥青，并对比基质沥青与SBS改性沥青进行性能评价。借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）、红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）等研究废旧电池粉末改性沥青的化学组成与微观结构，分析废旧电池粉末改性机理；采用三大指标、布氏黏度试验对废旧电池粉末改性沥青的常规性能指标进行测试；通过动态剪切流变仪（DSR）、多重应力蠕变（MSCR）试验评价废旧电池粉末改性沥青的流变特性；利用车辙试验（70℃）与短期老化前后的浸水马歇尔试验分析废旧电池粉末改性沥青混合料的高温稳定性及老化前后的水稳定性。研究结果表明：废旧电池粉末以C为主要成分，并含有极少量金属氧化物，其颗粒表面有较多的褶皱与凹槽；废旧电池粉末改性沥青表面存在"蜂巢"结构，且随着掺量增加，其粗糙度呈上升趋势，沥青针入度逐渐降低，软化点提升，延度略微降低，黏度逐渐增加；相同温度下，随着掺量增加，废旧电池粉末改性沥青的动态剪切模量G^*明显提高且始终高于70^#沥青，但略低于SBS改性沥青；废旧电池粉末改性沥青混合料动稳定度与残留稳定度逐渐增大；废旧电池粉末改性沥青的方式属于物理共混，该成分可使沥青的高温性能得到改善，改善程度未及SBS改性沥青，但相差幅度不大；废旧电池粉末改性沥青表面粗糙程度较大，意味着其拥有较大的比表面积，能增强沥青与集料间的黏附能力，从而提高了沥青混合料的高温稳定性与水稳定性。     

废旧橡胶粉微表处混合料性能试验研究

对废旧胶粉干法微表处技术进行研究,包括其性能指标(粘聚力、变形率及粘砂量)不同影响因素之间的对比研究和通过试验得到的胶粉干法微表处的最佳设计方案.将胶粉干法微表处与普通微表处的性能进行对比分析,得出胶粉干法微表处技术具有明显的路用优势.     

废旧塑料改性沥青储存稳定性试验

以4类废旧塑料改性剂与分别经过裂化处理的加工塑料改性剂,采用合理的制备工艺对90#与70#基质沥青进行改性,并采用优化的离析试验分析方法对不同类型废旧塑料改性沥青展开研究,最后基于热分析试验对作用机理进行分析.结果表明:经裂化处理的加工废旧塑料改性沥青的储存稳定性相比原塑料改性沥青得到明显改善;4种通过裂化处理的加工废...     

废轮胎胶粉改性沥青作用机理分析研究

废轮胎胶粉和基质沥青是两种组成较为复杂的材料,两种材料在高温剪切拌和下的反应机理更为复杂。深入研究废轮胎胶粉改性沥青的作用机理,可为其制备提供前提和基础。     

修船企业减少维修现场浪费的管理措施研究

修船企业之间的竞争已经从价格的竞争转向成本的竞争。减少修船过程中的成本消耗,提高资源利用率,是修船企业控制成本的重要途径。文章通过对国内修船企业修理过程中维修现场废弃物构成及产生原因的分析,提出了减少维修现场浪费的管理措施。     

The implications of MARPOL Annex V on the management of ports and coastal communities

Abstract

The passage of the Marine Plastics Pollution Research and Control Act of 1987 (MPPRCA), which codified Annex V of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), has encompassed every commercial and recreational shipping and boating facility in the United States. As a group, these ports, harbors, and marinas form a significant, although proportionately small, portion of the coastline of the country. More important, the economic benefits derived from the complex shoreside infrastructures required for international ocean trade, commercial and recreational fishing, and pleasure boating indicate just how critical it is for these facilities to be in conformance with effective and prudent coastal zone and environmental management practices.     

浅析建筑废弃物在虹桥综合交通枢纽的应用

该文对虹桥综合交通枢纽市政配套工程固废利用试验段的实施进行了总结,提出了建筑渣土用于路基处理是可行的,但使用HEC固结建筑渣土时应加强对施工工艺的改进,使用水泥固结建筑渣土时应就近设置破碎拌和厂;同时,由于HEC/水泥固结建筑渣土的后期开裂性能未有进入研究,建议在道路基层中应谨慎使用。