孔压静力触探(CPTU)探求高速公路软基固结系数研究

基于孔压静力触探(CPTU)的原理,简要介绍了利用CPTU试验求解地基土固结系数的理论方法,并以Tor-stensson理论模型为例,详细叙述了利用CPTU试验资料探求地基土固结系数的方法和步骤。结合连盐高速公路灌云三标的CPTU试验进行了实例计算,结果表明,现场所得的固结系数较室内试验的固结系数大1~2个数量级,与其他研究者的结果一致;在淤泥土层内,现场固结系数较室内试验所得的固结系数变化小,与现场资料反演值很接近;若采用此方法为实际工程提供设计固结系数时,进行修正后效果会更好。     

水平隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的合理确定

针对2种等宽度、不等高度的水平隧道模型,借助CFD技术分析了环境温度、火灾热释放强度、断面形状对临界风速的影响。选择断面水力高度为特征尺寸,获得2种隧道模型对应的量纲一的临界风速随热释放强度的变化关系,且其与缩尺模型试验及全尺度试验结果相比均具有较好的一致性;并基于CFD模拟结果,分析了Kennedy公式的不足。结果表明,大型隧道火灾通风纵向控制风速的确定过程中应避免使用Kennedy公式计算临界风速。     

不停输原油管道大修时压降的计算

针对原油长输管线在不停输时,由于挖开段的传热系数增大影响到站阃的压强,采用分段法在稳定的热力条件下计算不停输原油管道大修时压降,用C语言编制了计算程序;并举例加以说明,对开挖与不开挖时出站压力相同时的压降进行对比分析;确定不出现凝油事故时的最低出站压力.     

基于遗传算法的车用空—空中冷器设计研究

以某车用增压柴油机的空—空中冷器为研究对象,应用遗传算法对其进行优化设计,提出了快速获取中冷器最优化芯体结构的方法。通过样品的风洞试验发现,优化计算的结果与试验结果吻合良好。表明使用该方法设计的中冷器,其传热系数最大可提高19.3%。在中冷器的设计方面具有明显的优势,为同类中冷器产品的优化设计提供了参考。     

提高车用发动机能量利用率研究进展

描述了近几年车用汽油机发展的几种新技术,包括GDI和HCCI燃烧技术以及混合动力技术的应用和发展,分析了它们的特点和在节能、环保等方面的作用。介绍了利用发动机排气余热的温差发电技术。论述了利用发动机冷却水余热和排气余热来改善发动机性能的新技术,该技术通过一套发动机后接蒸气动力装置,回收发动机余热能量做功,从而提高发动机能量利用率。探讨了这一新技术的研究内容,展望了它的应用发展前景。     

路基土方的施工含水量控制

简要分析了土方含水量对土方路基施工的影响 ,详细介绍了控制路基土方施工含水量可采取的措施 :做好路基排水设计与施工工作 ;在路堑上开挖纵、横向渗水沟 ;优选土场并对其进行排、降水处理 ;路堤填土分段、分层备土碾压 ;测定水分散失系数并以此为依据确定碾压作业段长度及洒水量等     

整体式无接触热阻散热器传热元件的研究

介绍了国内首次研制成功的Al质整体式无接触热阻散热器翅片管传热元件的结构与特点 ,对整体式无接触热阻散热器与管带式散热器进行了对比试验 ,并对试验所得的传热与阻力进行了分析。试验结果表明 ,无接触热阻散热器传热性能和可靠性优于管带式散热器 ,且体积小 ,质量轻 ,工序少 ,是目前车用管带式散热器理想的替代产品     

利用物理模型研究热扩散问题

山东威海华能电厂循环冷却水正态物理模型试验的目的是研究电厂设备冷却水排入海中后对海域及取水口的热污染问题,本文剖析了试验过程,内容包括电厂附近海域的自然条件分析、热扩散理论在模型中的应用、模型设计思想、试验设备量测系统与试验方法以及模型试验中需要探讨的问题。     

Global cutting-path optimization considering the minimum heat effect with microgenetic algorithms

This article considers microgenetic algorithms (GAs), which explore in a small population with a few genetic operators, for cutting-path optimization problems. The major difference between GAs and simple genetic algorithms (SGAs) is how to make a reproductive plan for an improved searching technique because of population choice. It is shown that GAs implementation reaches the near-optimal region much earlier than the SGAs approach, and the GAs give a better solution than simulated annealing (SA). The main objective was to determine what temperature distribution can be obtained from the solution of a travelling distributed heat source. The solution of the travelling heat source on nested raw plate provides information about the vertices of each nested part of the raw plate. From the fact that the initial temperature at a piercing point strongly depends on the heat flow which stems from the previous cutting contour, the temperature of all piercing points must be lower than the critical temperature after each cutting of the components of a part. The critical temperature is identified as the mechanical melting temperature of steels. A heuristic back-tracking method is introduced to find the near-optimum cutting path considering the minimum heat effect on deformation. The heuristic back-tracking method is incorporated with the GAs.     

A pseudofield model approach to simulate compartment-fire phenomena for marine fire safety design

In order to prevent the spread of marine compartment fires, it is necessary to understand the governing factors or characteristics of fire-spread phenomena. We present a pseudofield model approach to this problem. We first described a field model of turbulent heat convection based on a standard k – turbulence model. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of a two-linked compartment fire were carried out in order to predict the turbulent convection flow induced by the heat released from the fire. Then a more complicated fire-spread problem of multilinked compartment fires was analyzed by means of a zone model, in which the amounts of oxygen consumption and gas generation were solved by a gas-balance equations system. The effect of threshold conditions on fire propagation and the effect of the thickness of the heat insulation were investigated with numerical simulations.