南非规范与中国规范中汽车荷载对比研究

为给我国涉外桥梁工程项目设计提供参考,对我国与南非桥梁设计规范中汽车荷载效应进行对比研究。采用铰接板梁法和刚接梁法,计算常用跨径的单片简支梁在南非与中国规范汽车活载作用下的横向分布系数。在此基础上,通过对简支梁及整体式连续梁的纵向影响线加载,分析2种规范中考虑汽车活载纵、横向分布后的差异。对比发现,对于常用中小跨径的简支、连续梁,南非规范汽车活载效应均高出中国规范30%以上;对于简支T梁跨中截面及连续梁支点截面,南非规范汽车活载效应高出中国规范35%~80%。即便考虑到两国规范中汽车冲击效应计入方式的不同,南非规范汽车活载也大于中国规范规定值。     

基于有机朗肯循环的车用柴油机排气余热回收系统性能分析

利用设计的有机朗肯循环系统回收某重型车用柴油机的排气能量,通过台架试验,获得了变工况下柴油机排气余热能分布特性。分析了有机工质蒸发压力、过热度以及柴油机工况变化对有机朗肯循环系统性能的影响,以系统净输出功率和热效率为优化目标,确定了适用于有机朗肯循环系统的最佳蒸发压力。研究结果表明,当有机工质蒸发压力为1.8 MPa时,有机朗肯循环系统的净输出功率最大可以达到12.69kW,热效率可以达到11.19%;将有机工质加热至过热状态并不能明显提高有机朗肯循环系统的净输出功率。     

Thermal design of automobile exhaust based thermoelectric generators: Objectives and challenges

The potential for thermoelectric power generation (via waste heat recovery onboard automobiles) to displace alternators and/or provide additional charging to a vehicle battery pack has increased with recent advances in thermoelectric material processing. In gasoline fueled vehicles (GFVs), about 40% of fuel energy is wasted in exhaust heat, while a smaller amount of energy (30%) is ejected through the engine coolant. Therefore, exhaust-based thermoelectric generators (ETEG) have been a focus for GFV applications since the late 1980s. The conversion efficiency of modern thermoelectric materials has increased more than three-fold in the last two decades; however, disputes as to the thermal design of ETEG systems has kept their overall efficiency at limited and insufficient values. There are many challenges in the thermal design of ETEG systems, such as increasing the efficiency of the heat exchangers (hot box and cold plate), maintaining a sufficient temperature difference across the thermoelectric modules during different operating conditions, and reducing thermal losses through the system as a whole. This paper focuses on a review of the main aspects of thermal design of ETEG systems through various investigations performed over the past twenty years. This paper is organized as follows: first, the construction of a typical ETEG is described. The heat balance and efficiency of ETEG are then discussed. Then, the third section of this paper emphasizes the main objectives and challenges for designing efficient ETEG systems. Finally, a review of ETEG research activities over the last twenty years is presented to focus on methods used by the research community to address such challenges.     

3-D numerical and experimental analysis for airflow within a passenger compartment

People use cars so frequently that they always consider the air-conditioning, and thermal comfort of the driver and passenger when buying a new car. Therefore accurate simulation of the thermal performance of automobile air conditioners to improve human comfort has become increasingly important. In order to improve the thermal comfort of passengers, 3-D flow motion and thermal behavior within vehicles must be analyzed. In this paper, a numerical simulation was used to investigate thermal behavior in a vehicle. Because air temperature at an air vent is related to the cooling capacity of the air conditioner, the cooling capacity was calculated using ɛ-NTU (effective number of transfer unit) theoretical equations. Using the air temperature relationship between inlet and outlet vents as boundary conditions, a 3-D unsteady κ-ɛ turbulent model was used to give a transient analysis simulation of the temperature field and flow conditions in a vehicle’s passenger cabin. Cooling cycle analysis and conjugate heat transfer analysis at the inside surface of the cabin’s ceiling, floor and sides were also considered. The predicted temperature distributions in the vehicles passenger cabin were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.     

压电堆执行器温度特性研究

在压电堆执行器生热和散热机理分析基础上,建立高压共轨喷油器压电堆执行器温度特性的计算模型,经与试验结果对比,验证了模型的准确性.研究了驱动场强、驱动频率和驱动脉宽增加的苛刻工作条件下不同影响因素对压电堆执行器的生热特性的影响,并研究了压电堆执行器结构和喷油器冷却结构对散热特性的影响.     

我国公路荷载的车轴—轮型分类和几何参数研究

针对我国现代公路运输车辆多轴化的特点,对常见19个品牌、1 000余种重载卡车车型进行统计分析,总结出11种典型荷载车型的轴—轮型分布和相应几何参数,为路面标准轴载换算以及力学分析提供必要依据。     

多次喷射对柴油机燃烧与排放影响的试验研究

基于1台高压共轨涡轮增压柴油机,采用不同的预喷正时、预喷油量与后喷正时等,研究了多次喷射对燃烧放热、排放生成与燃油经济性的影响,以实现均质压燃和低温燃烧过程。研究结果表明:随预喷正时提前,缸内峰值压力降低,主燃阶段的滞燃期缩短,NOx和炭烟排放均降低;随预喷油量增加,预喷阶段燃烧的放热率和最大压力升高率增大,NOx和HC排放增大,而PM和CO排放降低;随后喷始点推迟,缸内压力与主放热率峰值差异变小,NOx排放降低,但炭烟排放先增大后逐渐降低。     

高速公路计重收费模型研究及改进

首先通过对我国各省计重收费模型进行比较,选择出较为合理的计重收费模式;其次,从正常装载和超限装载运输车辆两个方面对云南省计重收费模型进行分析与研究,并且利用在计重收费调研中积累的经验与数据对此模型进行实施后评价,得出该模型存在的不足;再次,着重从正常装载优惠区间的划分、超限装载加收系数的确定,同时结合面积原理,对云南省...     

预应力高强混凝土梁极限承载力分析

针对高强混凝土材料力学行为的特殊性，考虑材料非线性的影响，通过将普通钢筋均匀“涂抹”于混凝土中，建立综合本构关系矩阵，将由此形成的普通钢筋与混凝土匀质材料整体离散为实体单元，并将预应力钢筋离散为独立的一维单元，用有限元法对预应力高强混凝土T型梁进行了极限承载力分析研究，给出了梁受力全过程矿．厂曲线，分析了其受力变形和破坏特点。为方便结构工程师参考，还对影响预应力高强混凝土梁极限承载力的主要结构参数（配筋率、高跨比等）进行了分析计算，推荐了这些参数的合理取值范围。     

工程机械柴油机的匹配选择

为选择适应工程机械使用特点的柴油机，对工程机械配套的柴油机选型方式进行了概括分析，着重介绍在柴油机对比选择时的关键性能参数。说明了工程机械用柴油机抗过载能力的特殊要求，总结出通过性能参数和曲线的对比来匹配选择柴油机的方法。