Improving the estimation of total and direction-based heavy-duty vehicle annual average daily traffic

Abstract

The estimation of annual average daily traffic (AADT) is an important parameter collected and maintained by all US departments of transportation. There have been many past research studies that have focused on ways to improve the estimation of AADT. This paper builds upon previous research and compares eight methods, both traditional and cluster-based methodologies, for aggregating monthly adjustment factors for heavy-duty vehicles (US Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) vehicle classes 4–13). In addition to the direct comparison between the methodologies, the results from the analysis of variance show at the 95% confidence level that the four cluster-based methods produce statistically lower variance and coefficient of variation over the more traditional approaches. In addition to these findings – which are consistent with previous total volume studies – further analysis is performed to compare total heavy-duty monthly adjustment factors, both directions of traffic, with direction-based monthly adjustment factors. The final results show that the variance as well as the coefficient of variation improve on average by 25% when directional aggregate monthly adjustment factors are used instead of total direction.     

环氧沥青洒布车的研制与应用

文章基于环氧沥青洒布车研制历程,针对环氧沥青桥面防水粘结层施工的特殊性,介绍了环氧沥青洒布车的功能设计、结构特点及工作原理,分析了其技术优越性,为桥面防水粘结层施工机械的选用提供参考。     

重型载重车平衡悬架系统技术提升

由于重型载重车承载力大且使用工况恶劣,导致整车平衡悬架平衡轴总成在使用过程中平衡轴断裂、平衡轴支架产生裂纹等故障频发,严重影响客户正常使用,同时使得售后维修及索赔成本大大增加。文章针对平衡轴总成在使用过程中的失效模式,对重型载重车的平衡悬架系统进行技术提升,在原有技术及结构基础上,设计了一种新结构平衡轴总成,从而大大降低了平衡轴总成故障率,最大程度的提高了平衡轴总成使用寿命。     

SS3B固定重联机车的研制

系统介绍了由2节SS3B机车经过技术改造成12轴重载货运SS3B固定重联机车；重点介绍了机车的主要结构、性能参数和总体布置，同时简述了机车的主要系统和特点。试验表明，机车的改造是成功的。     

Sediment geochemistry and mineralogy in Milos bay, SW Kyklades, Aegean Sea, Greece

This work aims at studying the geochemistry and mineralogy of Milos bay surface sediments. The bay forms an enclosed marine area, supplied totally by volcanic formations. Totally 16 samples were subjected to sedimentological (grain size), mineralogical (microscope examination and X-ray diffraction of the bulk sample and the pelitic fraction), and geochemical analyses (X-ray fluorescence in the pelitic fraction). Also the carbonate content was determined. Sediments were sandy with a high carbonate content (14–58%). The dominant minerals recognized in the pelitic fraction were smectite, kaolinite and illite, followed by chlorite, quartz, calcite, Mg-calcite and feldspars. In general, element concentrations appeared to be within the normal range, except Pb and Zn, which exhibited relatively high values. The Index of Geoaccumulation I_geo was computed, in order to investigate a possible enrichment of the surface sediments in metals. The analysis revealed again high values of I_geo class for both Pb and Zn. A careful study of the area, in relation to the quality of the catchment basins petrology, lead to a non-anthropogenic origin of these high concentrations. The enrichment of the surface sediments in Pb and Zn is attributed to the weathering of several mineral deposits, pyroclastic rocks and lavas, covering almost all Milos vicinity. A study of the geochemical data correlation coefficient matrix revealed three major groups of elements: (i) the elements of detrital origin represented by Si, Al, K and a part of the metals; (ii) the carbonates group; and (iii) a Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides–oxides group, which attracts a part of Pb, Cr and Ni.     

重庆朝天门长江大桥施工控制压重方案设计

朝天门长江大桥全长932 m,主桥为(190+552+190)m三跨连续单拱钢桁梁。结合主跨合龙特点介绍主跨合龙的思路、计算及操作要点,应用大型有限元分析程序MIDAS建立了朝天门长江大桥的三维有限元简化计算模型,并对其进行了施工过程控制分析。压重方案设计可以为同类桥梁的施工控制分析提供有益的思路。     

Modeling Feedback Scheme of Empty Cars in Unloading End of Heavy Haul Railway

The transportation organization of heavy haul railway is complex in China, especially, the feedback of empty cars. On the basis of reference to the existing research results, and deep analysis of the characteristics of empty cars distribution of heavy haul railway, the authors construct the feedback schematic model of empty cars in unloading end of heavy haul railway. The minimum quantity of the combined trains and the time for combination is taken as the model goal and solution algorithm on the basis of minimum cost and maximum flow is formulated. Daqin railway is taken as an example and relevant conclusions of feedback scheme of empty cars of heavy haul railway, through an analysis of calculation results, are drawn.     

清障车作业装置常见的结构形式和应用

清障车是装备有起重、托举、拖曳等设备,用于清除道路障碍物的专用汽车。分别介绍了托吊分离型、托吊联体型和平板背拖型清障车作业装置常见的结构形式和应用。     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

基于“作业面”模式下集卡配置的仿真研究

为了合理利用集装箱码头的固有资源,提高码头的作业效率,通过集卡调度优化模型算出集卡的最优行驶路径并带入仿真模型中对案例进行分析,得出了在“作业面”模式下集卡配置量与码头作业效率及集卡阻塞时间之间的关系,旨在使码头的装卸效率和资源的浪费状况达到可接受的平衡状态而给出集卡合理配置量的建议。