重载铁路双柱式桥墩运营性能及加固评价

随着我国重载铁路干线列车的轴重以及载运量的增加,给双柱式桥墩带了许多不利影响,如横向振幅过大、冲击振动加剧等,严重影响了铁路桥梁的安全运营性能。以朔黄铁路双柱式桥墩为主要研究对象,通过理论分析,重点研究不同荷载类型和不同行车速度作用下墩顶横向振幅的变化规律和桥墩的自振频率特性,结合加固后双柱式桥墩运营性能试验,研究其加固效果,为重载铁路双柱式桥墩的维护管理提供科学依据。     

不同路线国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机微粒物中SOF和PAHs的对比研究

采用AVL全流采样(CVS)系统,对2台国Ⅴ车用重型柴油机进行了ESC和ETC循环试验,并利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪等设备对颗粒物中的可溶性有机物(SOF)和多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了分析。通过对比采用DOC+DPF和SCR两种技术路线柴油机的SOF和PAHs及其组分,对它们的排放特性进行了研究。研究发现,无论是ESC循环下还是ETC循环下,DOC+DPF路线发动机PM排放中SOF含量以及PAHs排放总浓度都要明显低于SCR路线发动机,PM中菲和芘的浓度会降低一半以上。     

重型载货汽车道路可靠性试验初探

针对目前重型载货汽车在道路可靠性试验方面存在的不足,本文从兼顾用户实际使用条件和产品成本控制的角度出发,从试验要求、试验顺序、数据统计和合格性判定标准等方面,对重型载货汽车的可靠性试验规范进行了初步探讨,并提出了相应的对策和改进建议。     

Preferences for autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks in Germany

Germany is by far the largest contributor of greenhouse gas emissions in the European Union but adopted its own climate action plan to achieve greenhouse gas neutrality by 2050. The country’s third-largest emitter of greenhouse gas emissions is the transportation sector. As of January 2019, 99.7% of heavy-duty trucks registered in Germany run on diesel while the share of alternative fuel-powered passenger cars increases steadily. Apart from rising emissions, the industry faces a growing shortage of qualified truck drivers. A solution to increasing emissions and the shortage of drivers are autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks. We employed a choice-based conjoint analysis with employees from freight companies in Germany to find out how they assess the main attributes of innovative trucks. Our results reveal that the maximum driving range is the most important attribute followed by the refueling/recharging time. Tank-to-wheel emissions, on the other hand, was ranked as the least relevant attribute. Moreover, we present customers’ preference shares for future heavy-duty trucks until 2035. According to our results, freight companies are generally open to switching from conventional to low emission and (conditionally-) automated heavy-duty trucks, however, a close collaboration between truck manufacturers, customers, infrastructure companies, and policymakers is essential to spur the penetration of autonomous and alternative fuel-powered heavy-duty trucks.     

城市轻轨车辆转向架方案的选择

本文根据城市轻轨车辆用转向架的运用条件和技术要求,结合我国的技术水平和传统特点,对城市轻轨车辆转向架结构设计中应考虑的问题进行了分析,认为在进行轻轨车辆转向架设计时,应采用空气弹簧、盘形制动,弹性车轮、磨耗形踏面、焊接构架等先进技术.     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

我国重型汽车车桥历史、现状及发展趋势

简要介绍我国重型汽车车桥的发展历史和现状,主要制造商及其产品,技术发展水平,对比国外先进车桥技术,分析和总结我国重型汽车车桥的发展趋势及发展对策。     

重型载货汽车气压制动系统危险状态识别

针对重型载货汽车因气压制动系统发生管路破裂、机械故障或热衰退导致制动效能下降且不易察觉从而引发严重交通事故的问题，提出基于主成分分析降维（PCA降维）和马尔可夫模型的气压制动系统危险状态识别方法。考虑到三轴载货汽车双回路制动系统的结构复杂性以及制动过程制动踏板动作、系统压力建立和实现车辆减速具有明显的时序性特点，首先采用PCA降维的方法对系统状态进行辨识；然后运用驾驶人制动意图与制动系统响应的双层隐形马尔可夫模型对系统状态进行识别。受驾驶人习惯影响制动踏板作用瞬间辨识度低，采用混合高斯聚类法提取不同制动意图时制动保持阶段数据建立制动意图识别模型和系统响应识别模型，通过二者匹配程度判定系统状态。最后，分别依据实车试验数据对模型进行离线训练和在线辨识验证。试验结果表明：系统正常状态下，基于PCA降维和马尔可夫模型相结合的识别方法能够准确、有效地识别制动系统状态；制动管路断开压力降低状态下，PCA降维方法能够及时有效识别其危险状态。     

轴承高速大载荷特性试验验证技术

通过对特种轴承运行特点进行深入分析,提出轴承高速大载荷特性验证试验机的研制难点和设计要求,完成轴承试验机的研制,并严格依据试验大纲完成轴承高速大载荷特性验证试验.通过对验证试验数据和轴承样本拆检结果进行分析,完成3型特种轴承的高速大载荷特性试验验证,为后续某大型装置关键系统的可靠使用打下坚实的基础.     

一种新结构重型汽车用平衡轴总成

由于重型自卸车承载力大且使用工况恶劣,导致整车后悬架平衡轴总成在使用过程中平衡轴断裂、平衡轴支架产生裂纹等故障频发,严重影响客户正常使用,同时使得售后维修及索赔成本增大;该文针对平衡轴总成在使用过程中的失效模式在原有技术及结构之上,设计一种新结构平衡轴总成,从而降低平衡轴故障率,最大程度的提高平衡轴使用寿命。