新能源汽车技术专业“小课时、多门数”课程实施的探究

自我国实施新能源电动汽车战略以来,新能源汽车数量持续快速增加,新能源汽车市场对新能源汽车相关专业人才的需求也急剧加大。新能源汽车市场急需懂专业、有素养、技术水平高的高素质人才服务新能源汽车市场的维护、营销等需要。新能源汽车是在传统汽车的基础上发展起来的,采用了新技术、新方法,技术路线复杂,涉及到计算机编程、高压、电池、维护、充电、电机、发动机等各方面的知识。相比传统汽车专业,新能源汽车技术专业需要学生在有限的校园生涯内掌握更多、更复杂的知识,需要学生学习的知识范围更广。采用"小课时、多门数"的课程设置可通过凝炼课程内容、精减单门课的课程学时、增加课程门数、扩展学生学习知识的广度,有效解决学生在有限的校园生涯内学习更多知识的问题,满足新能源汽车市场对复合型人才的需要。     

Efficiency of routing and scheduling system for small and medium size enterprises utilizing vehicle location data

The routing and scheduling for trucks and vans in an urban road network depends critically on the state of the road network. Trucks and vans impose significant costs on other road users and the environment, so improved routing and scheduling benefits more than just the logistics industry. However, small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) in the logistics business cannot justify investment in planning systems. In this paper, an autonomous routing and scheduling system which is available to SMEs is proposed and the efficiency of the system is investigated. The proposed system accumulates vehicle location data in a central server and uses it to generate traffic information. Test simulations using a grid network demonstrate the effects of utilizing and sharing vehicle location data on delivery efficiency. The simulation results show that the improvement of delivery efficiency is mainly due to the reduction of penalty cost for early and late arrival at the customer location. It is also shown that the system leads to the buffer effect from variations in traffic conditions on delivery cost and this effect is enhanced by taking travel time uncertainty into consideration. It is further shown that the presence of measurement periods with insufficient data results in unreliable routing and scheduling. For a reliable system, data collection over a wider area is required rather than dense data in a subset of links.     

共享无人驾驶交通系统调度技术综述

众多研究证明共享无人驾驶车辆（SAVs）交通系统，能够实现车辆完全可控并为乘客提供个性化服务，即克服导致共享单车大量倒闭的运维和调配难题，也可消除制约公交竞争力的准时性、舒适性、覆盖性差的不足，有望成为未来城市交通的主体出行模式之一，并在很大程度上解决交通拥堵、环境污染、能源紧缺等城市病。基于此，总结SAVs交通系统相对传统共享车辆系统在不同运行模式方面的优点及不足，综述SAVs交通系统的调度技术。从SAVs交通系统运行过程出发，总结并分析SAVs交通系统不同运行方式，包括SAVs交通系统出行需求产生方式、车辆与需求匹配方式、车辆路径规划与车辆再平衡方式，以及运行方式与系统参数发生变化时对车辆行驶里程、车辆行驶时间、车队规模、乘客等待时间和服务水平等系统性能的积极与消极影响。对现有成果的梳理发现对于SAVs交通系统运行与性能的研究虽然取得了很大进展，但对于选择SAVs的出行需求计算多未考虑需求转移的影响，能够有效在大型路网中使用的系统模型与算法依然缺乏，且对于SAVs交通系统的调度研究考虑的形式可以更加多样，使之更符合现实情况。最后，基于提高SAVs系统性能对未来研究方向进行了展望，提出一些可能的研究课题。研究成果可为SAVs交通系统的研究提供参考。     

Human Impacts on Cable Beach,Broome (Western Australia)

There are concerns that Cable Beach, which is of outstanding natural beauty and a major tourist attraction for Broome and the Kimberley region of northwest Australia, is suffering damage from recreational use, particularly that caused by off-road vehicles. To assess current levels of human impact on the shore and its fauna, the southern-most kilometer of the Beach, covering an area to which vehicles had access and an adjacent area closed to vehicles, was surveyed for human usage and shore crab abundance. Human usage over the recording period was high in the area with high vehicular access. The amount of litter, although considerable, was well below that recorded in some other tourist destinations elsewhere in the world. Burrows of both the ghost crabs Ocypode spp, and the sand bubbler, Scopimera inflata, were less numerous in areas of high vehicle use than those of low use. Both species may be valuable in monitoring human impacts on Cable Beach.     

Linking Chinese cultural values and the adoption of electric vehicles: The mediating role of ethical evaluation

Electric vehicles (EVs) have been regarded as one of the most prominent green technologies, touted to help reduce global energy consumption and carbon emissions. China advocates the development of EVs to address the increasing challenges of climate change, urban air pollution and energy security, but consumers’ enthusiasm for adopting EVs remains low. In this paper, we present a concept model that hypothesizes Chinese cultural values as a key to understanding Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt EVs. Based on a nationwide online survey in China, this study explores Chinese consumers’ attitudes toward two types of EVs—battery electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles—by identifying the influence of the human–nature relationship, long-term orientation, face consciousness, and risk attitude, as well as the mediating effect of deontological ethical evaluation in decision-making. The results suggest that public policy and social marketing efforts should pay more attention to the role of cultural values when promoting environmentally sustainable technologies, and importantly, that the promotion efforts should differ for different cultural elements and products with different levels of innovativeness.     

基于大数据的新能源汽车个性化售后服务推荐系统

国内新能源汽车售后服务市场起步较晚,用户满意率不高,服务体系亟待完善,在大数据的时代背景下,跳脱出固有的被动服务的思维模式,借助信息化的强大力量刻画用户画像,构建符合时代发展和用户个性化需求的主动推荐售后服务系统,由"用户主动预约"向"主动预约用户"转变,扭转我国新能源汽车售后服务市场态势,将成为我国新能源汽车售后服务发展的一大趋势。     

关于新能源汽车的故障问题与维修关键技术

现在随着人们日常生活水平的提高和科技发展的进步,人们现在出行大都使用汽车进行代步出行。随着汽车越来越多,人们日常出行也越来越频繁,对于汽车排放的污气,对城市造成了一定的污染。所以在保护环境的前提下,我国又制造出了新能源汽车,既解决了环境污染的问题,又给人们的日常生活带来了一定的便利。但是现在新能源汽车的故障问题和维修技术是一个重要的问题。     

四轮转向技术在牵引汽车中的应用

简述车辆四轮转向技术的应用，经过对机场牵引汽车四轮转向系统的研究，提出一种新的控制方式，在随动轮角度跟随基础上加入汽车行驶速度控制因子，既解决了车辆高速行驶的稳定性问题，也保证了车辆低速转弯的灵活性。     

Trends in vehicle motion control for automated driving on public roads

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we describe how vehicle systems and the vehicle motion control are affected by automated driving on public roads. We describe the redundancy needed for a road vehicle to meet certain safety goals. The concept of system safety as well as system solutions to fault tolerant actuation of steering and braking and the associated fault tolerant power supply is described. Notably restriction of the operational domain in case of reduced capability of the driving automation system is discussed. Further we consider path tracking, state estimation of vehicle motion control required for automated driving as well as an example of a minimum risk manoeuver and redundant steering by means of differential braking. The steering by differential braking could offer heterogeneous or dissimilar redundancy that complements the redundancy of described fault tolerant steering systems for driving automation equipped vehicles. Finally, the important topic of verification of driving automation systems is addressed.     

基于扰动观测的智能驾驶主动抗扰纵向车速控制算法

为了减少智能驾驶车辆的纵向车速控制的时滞,提高主动抗扰性,提出一种基于扰动观测的纵向车速控制算法,并进行了实车验证。模型中,采用前馈控制模块,并提前输出控制量,来提高车速跟随的响应性;以主动抗扰控制(ADRC)模块作为反馈环节,采用扩张状态观测器(ESO)在线估计内外部扰动,并在控制端进行补偿,实现了对车速的精确闭环控制。在弯道、环岛等路况下进行了实车实验。结果表明:该算法可以在5 s内控制车速从怠速快速跟踪到目标车速,总体平均误差为0.17 km/h。因而,该算法较传统的比例积分微分(PID)有更好的响应性、控制精度和抗扰性。