松散地层浅埋水工隧洞现场监测试验研究

在北京市南水北调配套工程南干渠工程试验段工程实践中,对松散土层浅埋水工隧洞施工中地层沉降进行了现场监控量测.文章基于监测结果,分析了该隧洞地层的变形特点,指出了松散土层中浅埋暗挖隧洞地层的变形规律,以及开挖影响的时空范围.研究分析的方法和结论可为类似条件下隧洞工程的设计、施工、监测和进一步的理论研究提供参考和借鉴.     

基于虚拟路面的整车路噪轮胎参数相关性研究

为了在设计阶段保证整车的NVH性能,通过搭建虚拟路面仿真平台探究轮胎关键物理参数对于整车路面振动噪声的影响规律。结合实车采集的试验场NVH路面PSD、高精度物理轮胎CDTire模型以及整车声固耦合模型,建立完整的整车路噪仿真环境。通过某款SUV的仿真结果表明,不同款轮胎及同款轮胎不同批次对整车路面振动噪声有直接的影响。虚拟路面方法可以在整车开发早期甄别出在车辆噪声中起主导作用的频率段,从而排查明显的NVH设计缺陷,同时,可以为车型NVH正向开发提供轮胎选型依据。     

考虑异质性出行需求的主支线公交树网络优化设计

公交线网优化设计是指在一定的运行约束条件下,选择1组公交线路和相关频率以达到优化目标的设计过程,可以表示为一个优化问题。针对具有高异质性出行需求的主支线公交树网络,在考虑客流需求和运营约束的前提下,以用户和运营者的成本最小为目标,提出了1种多目标非线性混合整数优化模型。优化变量为候选线路服务频率。为求解这一模型,设计了1种基于改进的布谷鸟算法的高效元启发式方法。该方法包括初始候选路线集生成过程;基于MNL模型的公交分配过程;确定路线服务频率的改进布谷鸟算法过程。通过算例验证了该方法的有效性和适用性。数值分析结果表明,该算法通过对所有可能的候选路径的服务频率选择得到接近最优的公交线路网络。另一方面,通过保持高峰时的公交线路为有效备择线路,为具有异质性出行需求的网络的重新设计提供了更好的解决方案。此外,该系统在1次运行中产生了1组帕累托解,其允许公交线网设计师评估运营商成本和乘客成本并做出折中方案。通过比较3种算法的计算结果和CPU时间,证明了改进的布谷鸟算法的可靠性和有效性。另外还研究了最优公交网络设计与公交运行速度、总需求规模等关键设计输入参数之间的关系,分析结果表明,关键设计输入参数与最优公交网络具有一定的协同效应。模型与算法为实际的大规模主支线公交树网络的优化设计提供了1种有效的工具。     

A static free-floating bike repositioning problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles,multiple depots,and multiple visits

In this paper, a bike repositioning problem with multiple depots, multiple visits, and multiple heterogeneous vehicles for the free-floating bike-sharing system (FFBSS) is studied. Two types of nodes (i.e., easily and hardly access nodes) with different penalties are defined to represent different convenience levels of getting bikes from the FFBSS. The objective of the repositioning is to minimize the weighted sum of the inconvenience level of getting bikes from the system and the total unmet demand and the total operational time. To solve this problem, an enhanced version of chemical reaction optimization (CRO) is developed. A loading and unloading quantity adjustment procedure with the consideration of the node characteristics, including the type of node and its current state (i.e., in a balanced, surplus, or deficit state) is proposed and incorporated into this version to improve its solution quality. A concept of the nearby-node set is also proposed to narrow the search space. Numerical results are presented and indicate that compared to the traditional CRO and CPLEX, the enhanced CRO improves solution quality and has potential to tackle the repositioning problem for larger, longer repositioning duration, and more vehicle instances. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adjustment procedure.     

Preference-based evolutionary algorithm for airport surface operations

In addition to time efficiency, minimisation of fuel consumption and related emissions has started to be considered by research on optimisation of airport surface operations as more airports face severe congestion and tightening environmental regulations. Objectives are related to economic cost which can be used as preferences to search for a region of cost efficient and Pareto optimal solutions. A multi-objective evolutionary optimisation framework with preferences is proposed in this paper to solve a complex optimisation problem integrating runway scheduling and airport ground movement problem. The evolutionary search algorithm uses modified crowding distance in the replacement procedure to take into account cost of delay and fuel price. Furthermore, uncertainty inherent in prices is reflected by expressing preferences as an interval. Preference information is used to control the extent of region of interest, which has a beneficial effect on algorithm performance. As a result, the search algorithm can achieve faster convergence and potentially better solutions. A filtering procedure is further proposed to select an evenly distributed subset of Pareto optimal solutions in order to reduce its size and help the decision maker. The computational results with data from major international hub airports show the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

Modeling taxi drivers’ decisions for improving airport ground access: John F. Kennedy airport case

Taxi service is an important component of airport ground access, which affects the economic competitiveness of an airport and its potential positive impact on the surrounding region. Airports across the globe experience both taxi shortages and excesses due to various factors such as the airport’s proximity to the city center, timing and frequency of flights, and the fare structure. Since taxi drivers are independent entities whose decisions affect the taxi supply at airports, it is important to understand taxi drivers’ decision mechanisms in order to suggest policies and to maintain taxi demand and supply equilibrium at the airports. In this paper, New York City (NYC) taxi drivers’ decisions about airport pick-ups or cruising for customers at the end of each trip is modeled using logistic regression based on a large taxi GPS dataset. The presented approach helps to quantify the potential impacts of parameters and to rank their influence for policy recommendations. The results reveal that spatial variables (mainly related to proximity) have the highest impact on taxi drivers’ airport pickup decisions, followed by temporal, environmental and driver-shift related variables. Along with supplementary information from unstructured taxi driver interviews, the model results are used to suggest policies for the improvement of John F. Kennedy (JFK) airport’s ground access and passenger satisfaction, i.e. the implementation of taxi driver frequent airport server punch cards and a time-specific ride share program.     

盾构下穿沪杭高铁高架桥设置围护桩的效果分析

杭州地铁1号线乔司北站—临平高铁站区间左、右线盾构先后近距离侧穿沪杭高铁高架桥墩,为减少盾构掘进施工对高铁桥墩的影响,预先在隧道与被穿越高铁桥墩间打设围护桩。通过数值模拟和监测数据分析,证明预设的围护桩可有效减少高铁桥墩的沉降和水平位移。在实际工程中具有广泛的应用。     

轨道交通车地无线组网技术及干扰分析

目前城市轨道交通乘客信息系统(PIS)和基于通信的列车自动控制(CBTC)系统的车地无线组网技术基本采用WLAN技术。针对WLAN车地无线技术组网方案的不足,提出了基于TD-LTE(分时长期演进)技术的轨道交通车地无线组网技术方案。结合城市轨道交通无线通信的特点,对TD-LTE车地无线网络存在的干扰进行了分析,并提出了具体的解决措施。     

地铁隧道工程开挖过程中地下管线的受力情况分析

地铁隧道工程开挖过程中的地层运动对地下管线影响较大。基于温克尔弹性地基梁经典理论,着重分析了隧道工程开挖影响下的地下管线受力情况,推导出了地下管线的沉降、弯矩和剪力的表达式。结合西安地铁3号线延兴门站—咸宁路站区间具体工程,分析了不同因素对管线变形影响的规律。研究表明:地下管线的不均匀沉降及内力随管线与隧道倾角增大而增大,管线刚度变化对管线沉降影响极小。     

盾构管片衬砌纵向非均质等效连续模型

将盾构管片沿纵向分为环缝影响范围内、外两部分,环缝影响范围外取管片实际刚度,环缝影响范围内取等效刚度,环缝影响范围内、外连接处为刚性连接,推导出环缝影响范围内等效轴向刚度和等效弯曲刚度,并与等效连续均质模型的计算结果进行对比分析。提出了等效剪切刚度的概念。剪切刚度首先由管片接触面摩阻力提供,当剪切位移增大到螺栓与螺栓孔接触时螺栓参与抗剪,并推导出等效剪切刚度和剪切位移的计算式。讨论了环缝影响长度对各等效刚度的影响。