湍流边界层脉动压力对声强测量的影响研究

实际声强测量时常常存在风流或水流,如在飞机或船舶上进行测量,声强探头将受到湍流边界层脉动压力的影响。如何评估该影响以及如何修正测量结果是人们十分关心的工程实用问题。该文首先简要介绍了建立的由湍流边界层脉动压力诱发声强的理论模型。接着利用现有的湍流边界层脉动压力频率-波数谱模型,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其诱发的声强进行了数值分析。为了验证理论模型及数值结果,设计制作了一套实验装置,对湍流边界层脉动压力及其产生的声强进行了具体测量分析。结果表明,湍流边界层脉动压力的测量结果与数值结果吻合良好,测量得到的边界层脉动压力诱发的声强特性与计算结果也十分一致,但必须注意对测量传感器的空间响应进行修正。     

三维陷落腔脉动压力分布特性实验研究

文章针对均匀流场中三维深型陷落腔因流分离而产生的流激振荡问题开展了一系列的实验研究.在来流流速为0攻角时实验时的雷诺数变化范围:Re=1.55×105～8.74×105.实验中分别测量了三维深型陷落腔侧壁周向及垂向流体压力,分析了腔体内脉动压力周向、垂向的分布规律及腔口处剪切层自持振荡特性.实验结果表明:均匀流场中三维深型陷落腔内脉动压力分布较为复杂.在剪切层随边处的脉动压力最大,随边角点处脉动压力随相对高度的增加而陡降为0,但腔口导边及侧面处的脉动压力随相对高度增加而略有增大.剪切层自持振荡频率的无量纲数St数随Re变化为一常数值,但其值比气流场中二维陷落腔的St数略大.     

潜艇大攻角操纵运动预报

舱室破损进水是造成潜艇失事的主要险情之一.文中针对潜艇首部破损进水并采取应急吹除上浮时出现的大攻角运动状态,建立了潜艇大攻角操纵运动数学模型.通过数学模型中有、无考虑大攻角水动力修正的两种形式,对潜艇首部舱室破损进水的挽回操纵进行了仿真预报比较.仿真结果表明,潜艇在大攻角状态下的操纵运动预报,数学模型中考虑了大攻角水动力修正后的预报更加合理.而且,在潜艇舱室破损进水采取应急吹除挽回时,需要重点关注升降舵对纵倾的控制.     

桩基承载力不足的影响因素及防治措施

钻孔灌注桩在有些桥梁工程应用中出现实际承载力低于设计值的情况。文中以某实际工程为例,从施工、设计方面分析钻孔灌注桩承载能力不足的原因,提出钻孔灌注桩在穿过较厚砂、卵砾石层后,残积土不宜作为基底持力层,并对桩基承载力不足提出防治措施。实践证明：锚杆静压桩是一种行之有效的桩基补强方案,对类似工程具有较好的借鉴作用。     

基于空频分组码的短波MIMO通信系统

文章提出一种基于空频分组码的短波MIMO通信系统,并考虑了短波信道间相关和OFDM调制峰平比等问题对系统性能的影响,通过计算机仿真分析了所提系统的性能及上述问题对性能的影响。     

周期性波动管流的压降研究

Experiments were conducted to study characteristics of flow when flow is fluctuating. The experimental results showed a phase difference between the flow rate and the pressure drop fluctuations. This phase difference between the fluctuating flow rate and pressure drop was analyzed for laminar flow. Analysis showed that the phase difference changes with the period of the flow fluctuation, the pipe radius, the density and the dynamic viscosity of the liquid. Fluctuating pipe flow was then numerically simulated. Results of the numerical simulation were compared with theoretical values and experimental results. It was shown that, when the flow rate fluctuates with time as a sine wave, the pressure drop fluctuates with the same periodicity, and there is a phase difference between them.     

砰击载荷作用下船底肋骨等效设计压力的确定

通过一个船体二维分段的自由落体试验,测量模型入水速度、砰击压力和结构响应,获得模型底部板架在砰击载荷作用下的响应特征;对结构模型在均布静压力作用下的应力响应进行有限元分析;比较试验和计算得到的应力响应,获得作用在模型肋骨上的砰击压力的折减系数,从而使该结构在设计时仍可按常规的静力计算方法进行强度校核。该折减系数与船体入水速度成线性关系,在已知船体设计入水速度和试验压力分布时,可以获得船体设计均布静压力。     

高压空气减压阀的动态性能仿真

高压空气减压阀是舰船气动系统中的重要元件,通过建立高压空气减压阀的动态数学模型,利用Matlab软件进行仿真计算,对其动态性能进行分析和预测。仿真结果表明采用合适的结构减小阀口过流面积有助于高压空气减压阀的性能稳定。     

Two Phase Pressure Drop Performance of Refrigerant in a Small Horizontal Smooth Tube with 2.5 mm inside Diameter

Two-phase flow pressure drop measurements were made during the phase change heat transfer process of R22 in a small horizontal smooth tube with 2.5 mm inside diameter. Conclusions can be drawn that the quality corresponding to the pressure gradient peak value of small tubes became higher than that of large tubes. The effect of quality to pressure drop becomes weak as the mass flux increases. The experiment data were compared with the predicated values of the state-of-the-art correlations from the open literature. The comparisons between the data and the predictions indicate that most of the state-of-the-art correlations fails to predict the experimental data.Chisholm model shows a relatively better predictive ability than the other empirical correlations although it has a mean deviation of 26.7%. But the predicated values of Chisholm model are lower by 50% than the experimental data when the quality becomes larger.     

前插板低桩承台结构设计及施工质量缺陷处理

因岩面较高及周边建构筑物限制,打入预制桩不可行、全面大开挖换填基础经济性较差,前插板低桩承台结构成为首选,该结构综合了遮帘式结构和卸荷式结构的优点,经时间检验是成功的。介绍该结构设计要点及嵌岩灌注桩沉渣厚度超标的灌浆处理。