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81.
Depth of field effects in laser sheet imaging were considered for droplet sizing of a pre-swirl spray. A pre-swirl spray is
formed before the hollow-cone type main-swirl spray from a D.I. gasoline injector, and shows transient characteristics with
high axial velocity. A microscopic imaging technique was applied to obtain high spatial resolution LIF tomograms of the pre-swirl
spray. A 1 mm thick Nd:YAG laser sheet was used as a light source to make the LIF tomograms that were imaged using a high-resolution
CCD camera. The droplet sizing of the pre-swirl spray was carried out using an image processing technique. In the image processing
procedure, the laser sheet-straddling large-sized droplets were carefully taken into account to remove the errors caused by
the depth of field effects from the limited thickness and the energy distribution of the laser sheet. The mean intensity of
the individual droplets and the line profile of the LIF signal around the droplet edge were inspected to screen the laser
sheet-straddling large-sized droplets. In order to consider the effects of the size-dependent LIF signal intensity, the size-classified
or ensemble-averaged mean intensity of the individual droplets was introduced. The mean droplet sizes such as AMD and SMD
were calculated using only screened droplets, and they slightly increase before considering the depth of field effects. 相似文献
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83.
Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks. 相似文献
84.
为研究注浆对明挖基坑揭露断层带的加固效果,以南京地铁上元门车站基坑工程为背景,考虑基坑开挖过程中渗流场与围岩应力场的相互耦合作用,建立相应的有限元分析模型,对软弱破碎层、注浆加固带、基坑地下连续墙以及围岩所组成的耦合系统进行模拟,研究注浆加固前后围岩渗流场、位移场以及应力场的特征,最终获得基坑地下连续墙的水平位移、基坑外地表沉降、围岩塑性区分布、基坑内围岩变形以及基坑内涌水量变化规律。研究结果表明: 1)通过对基坑底部断层带的注浆加固,基坑侧向位移及基坑外地表沉降均得到有效控制,相比于注浆加固前,其最大水平位移和地表累计沉降量减小50%以上,满足工程要求; 2)基坑底部区域内塑性区范围明显减少,基坑外塑性区扩散也得到有效抑制; 3)基坑底部断层带注浆改变了渗流场分布,有效降低了基坑涌水量,基坑治理区域涌水量由最初的94 m3/h逐渐减小到4 m3/h,堵水率达96%; 4)注浆结束后现场钻孔取芯率达到75%~80%,开挖揭露大量劈裂作用形成的浆脉,验证了注浆可有效治理明挖基坑所揭露的软弱断层破碎带。 相似文献
85.
为有效解决汕头市苏埃通道工程遇到的海底硬岩、孤石群及高烈度抗震等技术难题,从海底隧道横断面、平面及纵断面方案进行研究。主要研究和结论如下: 1)对两管方案与三管方案进行比较,在海底硬岩处理方面,2种方案施工风险无本质区别,但两管方案可利用车道板下空间解决消防防灾问题、取消隧道联络通道设置、降低施工及抗震风险,优于三管方案; 2)从抗震、工程造价、结构受力及隧道运维等方面进行研究,发现盾构管片采用单层预制结构优于管片内置二次衬砌结构; 3)隧道平面方案需摸清海底硬岩及孤石群分布范围,结合码头、港池及锚地等控制因素综合确定; 4)隧道纵断面方案的确定,需充分考虑海底硬岩、孤石分布规律以及最小覆土、主航道规划标高、港池范围等控制因素,避开硬岩及孤石群,以减小隧道修建难度和风险。 相似文献
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87.
于喜年 《大连铁道学院学报》2004,25(4):43-45
从粉末涂层固化的角度分析了树脂粉末的固化机理,借助于短波深层辐射加热技术并利用工业涂装的热浸涂流化床原理和静电喷涂工艺的结合,对高低压电气开关柜中的导电母排进行绝缘层的粉末热喷涂,运用重复喷烘工艺、采用间歇式积放方式进行流水线的PLC程序控制,较好地解决了绝缘母排厚涂层的固化和连续生产的批量问题. 相似文献
88.
青藏铁路19标段海拔高度近五千米,位于多年冻土区,气候极为恶劣,施工期短。本文就该标段特殊环境条件下如何保证混凝土的施工质量和进度,从人员、机械设备的组织、物资供应、混凝土的施工及质量控制、医疗卫生保障等方面进行了较详尽的介绍。 相似文献
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