Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

Optimisation of railway crossing geometry considering a representative set of wheel profiles

A numerical method for robust geometry optimisation of railway crossings is presented. The robustness is achieved by optimising the crossing geometry for a representative set of wheel profiles. As a basis for the optimisation, a crossing geometry is created where rail cross-sectional profiles and longitudinal height profiles of both wing rails and crossing nose are parameterised. Based on the approximation that the two problems are decoupled, separate optimisations are performed for the cross-sectional rail profiles and the longitudinal height profiles. The rail cross sections are optimised to minimise the maximum Hertzian wheel–rail contact pressure. The longitudinal height profiles are optimised to minimise the accumulated damage in the wing rail to crossing nose transition zone. The accumulated damage is approximated using an objective criterion that accounts for the angle of the wheel trajectory reversal during the transition from the wing rail to the crossing nose as well as the distribution of transition points for the utilised wheel profile set. It is found that small nonlinear height deviations from a linear longitudinal wing rail profile in the transition zone can reduce the objective compared to the nominal design. It is further demonstrated that the variation in wheel profile shapes, lateral wheel displacements and the feasible transition zone length of the crossing will determine the longitudinal height profiles of the wing rail and crossing nose if all wheel profiles are to make their transition within the transition zone.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

海拉尔～满洲里一级公路总体设计

海拉尔～满洲里一级公路是交通运输部第二批示范项目,是内蒙古自治区第一个公路示范工程。因其地处草原地区,故被称为"草原示范第一路"。通过海满公路总体设计,介绍新理念在该项目各个环节中的应用情况,对今后草原公路的设计工作起到积极的参考借鉴作用。     

某出口右盘轻型载货汽车空调系统项目开发总结

空调系统是目前江铃轻型载货汽车的标准配置,随着江铃汽车出口的增加,为满足相关国家多为右置转向盘的要求,企业开发右盘车的原动力也在增加。本文从开发一款右盘轻型载货汽车项目(N698项目,以下简称N698)出发,较全面地介绍了空调系统开发背景、开发原理、开发目标;较系统地阐述了整个空调系统的开发内容和布置形式,并对空调系统的开发进行了详细总结。     

考虑施工周期的扩建工程现有路面结构强度评价与衰减分析

针对扩建工程特点,通过具体实例分析了沥青砼路面结构性病害及路基回弹模量与路面结构强度的关系,并根据实测数据及收集的历年资料运用疲劳线性叠加定律推算现有路面结构强度衰减趋势及罩面需求,其结果对扩建工程现有路面结构强度评价方法的改进具有参考价值。     

超载预压结合塑料排水板技术在滨海地区软土地基处理中的应用

该文以具体工程为例,对超载预压结合塑料排水板技术在滨海地区软土地基处理的相关参数进行研究,论述并总结了超载预压结合塑料排水板技术在滨海地区软土地基处理相关参数的确定方法。     

高速挖掘机液压管道曲面重建及其奇异性探讨

论述了军用高速挖掘机液压系统弯曲异径管道NURBS曲面以及复杂管道曲面的重建方法.分析了管道曲面中存在的奇异情形,探讨了管道曲面发生自交的条件和对曲面重建的影响,给出了管道曲面非奇异的充分和必要条件,并确定了控制重建中各种管路弯曲的最小曲率半径,对液压系统中复杂走向管道间的相交干涉条件问题提出了解决对策.     

地铁站水冷空调机组IPLV计算方法讨论

大量测试数据表明,在现行地铁环控系统中,冷机大部分时间处于部分负荷状态,因此用于评判地铁站冷水机组部分负荷综合性能的IPLV值的计算方法值得研究.使用了一种逐时计算地铁车站负荷的方法,计算得出北京市、上海市、广州市典型地铁标准站全年的逐时负荷曲线.根据全年逐时负荷曲线统计了3个城市地铁车站不同负荷率区间占比情况,从而得...     

计算机联锁系统在黄骅港港区铁路扩容工程中的应用

为提升港口铁路系统的列车运输能力和信号设备的安全性,在黄骅港港区铁路扩容工程中,港区站采用计算机联锁系统取代传统的电气集中联锁系统,在区间采用先进的移频自动闭塞系统,并在港区站采用微机监测系统进一步提高了信号设备的安全性和可靠性,对改善与优化港区站场信号系统具有重要意义。