高速机车司机心理选拔指标研究

目的从安全驾驶适应性方面研究高速机车司机应具备的心理素质。方法根据高速列车机车驾驶特性,提出心理选拔指标并应用于现场,通过现场对直达和特快机车司机的测量及应用从而确立高速机车司机应具备的心理素质指标。结果实验机车司机413名,年龄组在39岁以下和40岁以上机车司机有明显不同：39岁以下较40岁以上机车司机的作业能力和反应速度及注意分配、集中、转移等方面的能力均明显加快（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）;机车司机的认知能力受文化程度的影响（P〈0.01）,其中,四数和计算是初中与高中以上文化程度之间有极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,比较刻度、按规律检数是高中以下和大专之间存在着极显著性差异（P〈0.01）,即具备一定文化程度的机车司机其计算速度和操作技能都明显较好。指标间的相关矩阵分析存在极密切关系（r=0.16-0.59,P〈0.01）;同期效标检验各指标的相关效度为0.14-0.33（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,组合分相关效度为0.315（P〈0.01）;验证预测合格符合率为91.96%,预测淘汰符合率为23.89%。     

高速排水型艇的艇体线型试验研究

艇体线型对高速排水型艇的阻力和耐波性都有影响。据上海交通大学船舶流体力学研究室对不同艇型的试验研究结果表明:艇体线型的选择不但与航速(或Fr数)有关,而且还与排水量长度系数C_v密切有关。作者提出以K_(▽F)=C▽·Fr厂作为艇体线型的选择参数。当K_(▽F)>1.70时,采用折角线长度为10～20％L的短折角艇型,不但可降低阻力,而且能改善耐波性,特别是对于C▽较大的艇,如重载高速艇,其阻力收益相当明显。     

高速铁路列车开行方案反馈调整系统开发研究

为了实现对高速铁路旅客运输规划的综合优化,讨论了构建高速铁路开行方案反馈调整系统的意义和重要性,并以C#为开发工具,设计开发出了高速铁路列车开行方案反馈调整系统。从系统的模块设计、数据库设计以及流程设计角度介绍了系统。系统从运力资源、运行图和客运需求3个方面对初始开行方案进行反馈调整,实现了开行方案的优化。     

Improvement of vehicle–turnout interaction by optimising the shape of crossing nose

Proper rail geometry in the crossing part is essential for reducing damage on the nose rail. To improve the dynamic behaviour of turnout crossings, a numerical optimisation approach to minimise rolling contact fatigue (RCF) damage and wear in the crossing panel by varying the nose rail shape is presented in the paper. The rail geometry is parameterised by defining several control cross-sections along the crossing. The dynamic vehicle–turnout interaction as a function of crossing geometry is analysed using the VI-Rail package. In formulation of the optimisation problem a combined weighted objective function is used consisting of the normal contact pressure and the energy dissipation along the crossing responsible for RCF and wear, respectively. The multi-objective optimisation problem is solved by adapting the multipoint approximation method and a number of compromised solutions have been found for various sets of weight coefficients. Dynamic behaviour of the crossing has been significantly improved after optimisations. Comparing with the reference design, the heights of the nose rail are notably increased in the beginning of the crossing; the nominal thicknesses of the nose rail are also changed. All the optimum designs work well under different track conditions.     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

高速挖掘机液压管道曲面重建及其奇异性探讨

论述了军用高速挖掘机液压系统弯曲异径管道NURBS曲面以及复杂管道曲面的重建方法.分析了管道曲面中存在的奇异情形,探讨了管道曲面发生自交的条件和对曲面重建的影响,给出了管道曲面非奇异的充分和必要条件,并确定了控制重建中各种管路弯曲的最小曲率半径,对液压系统中复杂走向管道间的相交干涉条件问题提出了解决对策.     

水泥砂浆桩处理某高速铁路软基沉降变形分析

高速铁路对路基工后沉降提出了严格的要求,某高速铁路路基段存在大范围软土地基,采用水泥砂浆桩进行地基加固处理。通过对地基处理后一年多的路基沉降变形观测分析及预测表明:各观测点的沉降量-时间曲线均已经收敛,路堤荷载作用下路基面沉降已经稳定,沉降板预测最大工后沉降ΔS'为4.8mm,路基面观测桩双曲线法预测路基面最大残余沉降为2.3mm,沉降完成比例St/S∞最小为92.4%,均满足高速铁路沉降控制标准。因此,水泥砂浆桩处理高速铁路软土地基是可行的,可以在较短时间内满足工后沉降的要求。     

高速动车组转向架检修工艺设计原则探讨

介绍了国内外高速动车组转向架检修现状,并针对我国高速动车组转向架类型多样、检修项点繁多的情况,从检修工艺流程、设备选型、工艺布局、厂房设计以及检修物流等5个方面探讨了高速动车组转向架检修工艺设计的原则;从兼容修和流水修等方面分析了转向架检修工艺设计的难点。     

基于无限大障板圆形活塞辐射原理的隧道微压波计算方法

高速列车驶入隧道端口瞬间在车头前形成压缩波。该压缩波沿隧道以声速向出口端处传播,并在洞外形成微压波。本文根据声学中无限大障板圆形活塞的辐射模型,开发了已知隧道出口端内压缩波压力梯度和大小时的微压波计算程序,并采用国外试验结果验证了程序的正确性。结合拟议的我国高速铁路隧道特征,初步分析了洞口微压波的主要影响因素,显示列车速度、隧道断面面积影响较大。微压波的大小与观测点有很大关系,这对于判断微压波的强弱、危害及其标准研究有很大关系。结果分析也说明所建程序的合理性与简便性,是一种适合工程设计方案比选的方法。     

有砟高速道岔铺设新技术

研究目的:高速道岔铺设是客运专线轨道工程施工的重点和难点,传统施工方法难以满足高速道岔铺设的标准和要求,必须研究有砟高速道岔施工的新技术,以提高道岔的铺设质量和铺设效率。研究结论:结合甬台温客运专线铁路轨道工程高速道岔施工情况,国内首次研制了有砟高速道岔基地组装平台,开发出高速道岔平台预组装、整组运输及铺设成套技术,实现了高速道岔铺设基地工厂化、机械化、专业化施工,完全符合铁道部关于高速道岔施工技术的要求。该成套施工新技术先进合理,有效提高了高速道岔的铺设质量和铺设效率,极大地缩短了施工工期,节约了施工成本,为高速道岔铺设提供了参考。