数值波浪水池与排水型高速船波浪增阻计算方法研究

基于CFD技术对三维数值波浪水池以及排水型高速船波浪增阻进行计算研究。采用在水池入口处模拟波浪速度的方法造波。水池尾部采用人工阻尼结合稀疏网格消波,自由面采用VOF方法处理,采用动网格技术结合运动控制程序模拟船舶的纵摇与升沉运动。对规则波中迎浪前进的Wigley III船模和Model 5b船模纵摇与升沉运动以及波浪增阻进行计算并与试验值进行比较、分析,为排水型高速船波浪增阻的计算提供参考。     

Shipboard safety: exploring organizational and regulatory factors

ABSTRACT

How vessel crews perceive safety on board (shipboard safety) is a useful indication for the general safety level. In this study a theoretical model was explored, involving factors that could possibly influence shipboard safety. Based on a survey questionnaire (n = 244), safety climate, shipowner efficiency demands and regulatory activities were investigated as influencing factors. Structural equation modelling gave support to the theoretical model and the findings illustrate that simultaneous involvement of various levels of the maritime system (crews, shipowners, regulators) can be effective for safety improvements. The study indicates that shipboard safety is affected by actions and prioritization by external actors through safety climate. It suggests that the maritime industry will profit from monitoring safety climate as part of the ongoing risk considerations, as a supplement to reactive parameters such as accident statistics.     

高速铁路高架车站预应力混凝土现浇简支站台梁施工技术

结合合福铁路无为站特大桥的施工实际,主要介绍了高速铁路高架车站现浇站台梁碗扣支架体系搭设、支架预压及预拱度的设置,桥梁支座安装、模板和钢筋的安装,站前站后接口工程的预埋及预留,预应力混凝土工程等关键施工技术。通过检测梁体质量达到设计水平,该施工经验对今后类似工程施工的技术管理有一定的借鉴价值。     

浅埋偏压、软弱围岩双线隧道大变形施工控制技术

结合浅埋偏压、软弱围岩高枧槽隧道实体工程,介绍了开挖断面大、岩溶发育、地质复杂的隧道产生大变形的情况及分析产生的原因,提出了地表打入钢管桩预加固提高承载力、中台阶钢架间增设纵向托梁与地表钢管桩焊接提高整体受力、设置临时仰拱或横撑、双层拱架支护等措施。通过及时分析围岩和支护变形情况,最终洞内初期支护变形、拱顶下沉、地表开裂等现象得到有效控制。     

联调联试阶段CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道底座病害处理技术

由于京广高速铁路某路基地段的CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道支承层施工未采用钢筋混凝土结构,联调联试过程中发现受温度变化、列车制动、起动及行车振动等的综合影响,可能会出现开裂病害现象。为确保高速铁路运营安全,决定将交界处的CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道C15素混凝土支承层变更为C40钢筋混凝土底座板,以加强CRTSⅡ型板端部底座,防止因轨道板温度力、制动力等纵向力导致CA砂浆层及底座开裂。详细介绍了处理方案和详细的施工工艺措施。支承层变更方案得到了成功应用,对运营中的类似高铁轨道系统病害整治具有很好的参考价值。     

动车组牵引计算仿真系统设计

分析动车组牵引计算仿真系统研究的背景,总结我国主流牵引计算软件运用于动车组计算时存在的不足,结合调研结果和用户需求分析,在此基础上设计一个新的适合动车组牵引计算仿真系统,主要设计内容包括系统功能、关键技术和存在难点。     

High-speed rail's potential for the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from short haul aviation: a longitudinal study of modal substitution from an energy generation and renewable energy perspective

Abstract

This paper quantifies and evaluates, utilising a ‘bottom-up’ approach, the effect on CO₂ emissions of a modal shift from short-haul air travel to high-speed rail (HSR), based on projected passenger movements, between Sydney and Melbourne, Australia during the period 2010–2030. To date, peer-reviewed studies assessing the CO₂ emissions from these competing modes of high-speed transportation have been restricted principally to a cross-sectional assessment, with a Eurocentric bias. This present comparative study seeks to address a gap in the literature by assessing, longitudinally, the CO₂ emissions associated with the proposed operation of HSR against the ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario between Sydney and Melbourne. Under the assumed 50/50 modal shift, and the Australian government's current renewable electricity target, an annual reduction in CO₂ emissions of approximately 14% could be achieved when compared with a ‘business-as-usual’ air scenario. This percentage reduction represents a 62 kt reduction in base year, 2010, and a 114 kt reduction in the final year, 2030. In total, the overall reduction achieved by such a modal shift, under the assumed conditions, during the period 2010–2030, equates to approximately 1.87 Mt of CO₂. Importantly, if the electrical energy supply for HSR operations was further ‘decarbonised’, then it follows that a greater emission reduction would be achieved.     

后插筋CFG桩在合福高速铁路路基中的应用

CFG桩已被广泛应用于铁路工程建设中,但其水平抗剪强度弱,工程实践表明普通CFG桩桩体在上部浅层位置易发生桩顶开裂、断桩等缺陷,在一定程度上制约了该技术在斜坡地段或可压缩层较厚的半填半挖路基中的应用.结合合福高速铁路工程建设,提出了后插钢筋笼CFG桩的设计及施工方法.现场实践表明,后插钢筋笼CFG桩可弥补因较大水平推力导致桩体上部受剪或受弯破坏的缺陷,使复合地基整体加固效果大为改善.     

高速铁路路基变形数据处理系统研究与应用

针对我国无砟轨道路基沉降观测数据管理及分析中存在的问题,通过文件DNA识别技术、平差模型建立、稳定性分析等关键技术的研究,自主开发了一套规范化和系统化的高速铁路路基沉降观测数据处理软件,集成了分析解决问题的方法,实现了沉降观测与评估的一体化,使沉降数据分析更科学、更严谨,提高了工作效率。该软件经测试,各项功能和性能满足要求,已成功应用于京沪、京石、石武和合福等高速客运专线铁路;也可用于其它建筑的沉降数据处理。     

穗莞深城际(5×30m)双线变四线道岔连续梁设计与施工

随着高速铁路的发展,桥梁在铁路中所占的比例越来越重,铁路道岔也从路基走上了桥梁,道岔连续梁开始广泛应用。文中以穗莞深城际(5×30m)双线变四线道岔连续梁设计为例,对城际铁路道岔变宽连续梁的设计进行了介绍,阐述了该结构受力特点、计算分析、构造措施及施工方法。