大型货车对线路动力影响的研究

基于轮轨系统耦合动力学原理，应用车辆一轨道垂向系统统一模型及计算机仿真软件，分析了大型铁路货车对线路的动力影响与危害，并讨论了宜所采用的车辆技术对策。通过对新设计的大型货车方案进行轮轨动力作用性能预测，论证了我国发展低动力作用大型货车运输体系的切实可行性。     

船舶碰撞诉讼中采证对象的确定及其法律效力

船舶碰撞诉讼中采证对象的确定由包括事实推定和司法认知在内的诸多客观事项所决定。这是船舶碰撞诉讼活动和船舶碰撞诉讼证据的内在特性所使然。考察船舶碰撞诉讼活动中采证对象的法律效力,是以对各种常见船舶碰撞诉讼证据的证明能力和证明力的探悉为基础的。     

水平力对含裂纹沥青路面面层破坏的影响分析

含裂纹的沥青路面在水平力作用下容易产生各种病害.基于断裂力学的沥青路面水平力控制校核方法,具有计算精度高、设计符合路面的破坏机理的特点,将其计算过程编成计算机程序,使用方便,同时也可以用于公路超载车辆对路面破坏的研究.     

螺旋桨低频宽带噪声影响参数研究与流—声多目标优化设计

文章以谱方法为理论基础,以条带法为数值求解方法,针对Sears力响应函数引入厚度修正,建立了螺旋桨低频宽带噪声理论预报方法.通过对比10叶模型螺旋桨水筒试验数据,验证了厚度修正的效果,厚度修正后总声级误差由2 dB减少至1.1 dB.文中利用厚度修正后的预报方法,从三个层次六个方面对影响螺旋桨低频宽带噪声的参数进行研究,并实现了流-声多目标优化设计:(1)单个螺旋桨影响参数灵敏度分析:①外半径型值对总声级影响较大,而内半径几乎没有影响.②利用Sobol灵敏度分析法对两个不同叶数螺旋桨的流场参数和螺旋桨参数进行研究发现:不同桨叶下各参数影响因子几乎一致,来流速度对于螺旋桨低频宽带总声级有最大贡献,约为30％的正效应,其次是湍流度约为22％的正效应,而湍流积分长度仅占7％的负效应.(2)单个螺旋桨流—声多目标优化设计研究:以NSGA-Ⅱ为优化算法,结合非定常面元法和低频宽带噪声预报方法,实现流-声多目标优化设计.(3)多个螺旋桨相对关系稳健性分析:对不同螺旋桨低频宽带噪声相对关系稳健性进行研究,分析湍流积分长度和湍流度变化的影响.该文的研究成果为下一步将低频宽带噪声纳入螺旋桨设计考核指标奠定了理论基础.     

护坡垫层渗透系数对面层波浪上举力的影响

在工程应用中,对于波浪作用下的护岸工程,护坡通常采用面层-垫层-堤心土的设计模式,其垫层一般采用反滤层结构。但在实际工程中垫层结构往往被简化,直接将土工布铺设在砂层上。通过理论分析和模型试验,主要针对这种垫层结构在波浪作用下所受的影响进行了研究,得出了结论：当面层渗透系数小于垫层渗透系数时,在垫层内部会产生对面层的上举力,从而可能引起面层失稳。该成果对类似工程有一定的借鉴作用。     

A survey of wheel–rail contact models for rail vehicles

Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.     

On the implementation of an auxiliary pantograph for speed increase on existing lines

The contact between pantograph and catenary at high speeds suffers from high dynamic contact force variation due to stiffness variations and wave propagation. To increase operational speed on an existing catenary system, especially for soft catenary systems, technical upgrading is usually necessary. Therefore, it is desirable to explore a more practical and cost-saving method to increase the operational speed. Based on a 3D pantograph–catenary finite element model, a parametric study on two-pantograph operation with short spacing distances at high speeds shows that, although the performance of the leading pantograph gets deteriorated, the trailing pantograph feels an improvement if pantographs are spaced at a proper distance. Then, two main positive effects, which can cause the improvement, are addressed. Based on a discussion on wear mechanisms, this paper suggests to use the leading pantograph as an auxiliary pantograph, which does not conduct any electric current, to minimise additional wear caused by the leading pantograph. To help implementation and achieve further improvement under this working condition, this paper investigates cases with optimised uplift force on the leading pantograph and with system parameter deviations. The results show that the two positive effects still remain even with some system parameter deviations. About 30% of speed increase should be possibly achieved still sustaining a good dynamic performance with help of the optimised uplift force.     

新常态下广东省交通科技创新制度体系总体设计研究

制度创新是科技创新的保障,没有制度创新,科技创新就无从依附。从国家科技体制改革的背景下出发,通过分析国家、地方和行业科技创新政策和广东省交通科技体制的现状,采用基于全生命周期的制度构建方法,设计了新常态下与广东省未来交通科技发展的目标和需求、科技创新主要服务内容、科技创新主体相适应的科技创新制度体系总体构架,为广东省交通行业的科技创新体制改革、激发科技创新活动构建有利的创新制度环境奠定基础。     

冰区加强LNG船舷侧抗撞性能仿真研究

航行于北冰洋海域的LNG船必须具备抵抗冰山撞击的能力。针对LNG船纵骨架式和横骨架式冰区结构加强方案,开展比较分析,评价LNG船舷侧抵抗冰山撞击的能力。根据CCS规范对LNG船舷侧分别进行纵骨架式与横骨架式冰区加强设计。利用有限元数值仿真技术和LS_DYNA软件,模拟冰山撞击LNG船舷侧场景,得到船体结构变形、碰撞力和能量吸收等结果。研究发现：横骨架式在相邻强横肋位之间结构较弱,纵骨架式表现出更好的抗冰撞击性能;冰带加强骨材在抵抗冰载荷过程中发挥重要作用;在提高抗冰撞击性能的前提下,纵骨架式加强方案拥有更佳的经济效益。     

自锚式悬索桥钢箱梁拖拉法施工技术

天津富民桥空间索面自锚式悬索桥施工采用先梁后索法,主跨钢箱梁采用水中平台拖拉法施工,边跨钢箱梁采用大吨位吊车直接吊装施工.主要介绍该桥钢箱梁的施工技术.