张石高速公路保定段公路对环境影响的研究

通过张石高速公路保定段的建设实践,总结高速公路建设对声环境、水土保持及文物古迹的影响及保护措施。其经验值得类似工程借鉴。     

商用车发动机电子泵支架拓扑优化分析

商用车发动机在怠速和工作中会产生较大的振动和噪声,分析其相关零部件的振动特性就显得尤为重要。发动机电子泵支架属于铸造块体结构,运用Altair公司的OptiStruct优化分析软件中的拓扑优化分析（Topology Optimization）方法,在满足最低设计频率的要求下,对某型号发动机电子泵支架进行了拓扑优化分析,根据优化分析结果确定其材料的合理布局方式,最终在满足设计要求的情况下成功确定合理、经济的设计方案。     

历史性住区改造适宜技术措施探讨

以北京京棉二厂职工宿舍区的保护性改造为例,集中研究与讨论了有历史保存价值的既有住宅的保护与改造,以及轻型木结构建造技术在旧住宅改造中的应用．从建筑学的角度探索解决问题的对策,以推进城市的发展与社会文明的进步．     

混堆模式下多箱区场桥联合调度

为了在提升港方整体服务水平的同时降低运营成本,对固定时段内堆场混堆模式下多箱区的场桥调度问题进行了研究。以场桥移动、转场成本与内外集卡等待成本之和最小为目标,重点考虑场桥在箱区间的合理共享、场桥作业量的均衡、场桥与集卡的有效衔接3个方面,建立了混堆模式下多箱区场桥联合调度的非线性数学规划模型。基于问题特点设计了基于场桥作业序列和作业量的两部分染色体编码方式,利用嵌入解空间切割策略和染色体修复技术的改进遗传算法进行求解。算例试验分析结果表明,应用该模型和算法得出的调度方案效果良好,从而验证了它们的可行性和有效性。     

Seaport Development and Coastal Management Programs: A National Overview

Oysters have been harvested on the east coast of Australia for many thousands of years. Coastal Aboriginal communities used the extensive estuarine oyster resource and may have farmed oysters by establishing shell cultch beds in shallow areas of estuaries. The British colonization of Australia commenced in 1788 and oysters were initially used for food and production of lime. Concerns about unsustainable exploitation led to introduction of legislation that directed the oyster industry to aquaculture in 1884. Translocation of oyster stock for fattening, from New Zealand to Australian east coast estuaries, was encouraged. Here evidence is presented that this activity resulted in “mudworm disease” appearing in oyster farming estuaries on the Australian east coast between 1880 and 1900. The pandemic permanently destroyed natural sub-tidal oyster reefs and forced the oyster industry to adopt avoidance farming techniques including intertidal farming to cope with mudworm.     

Road and off-road vehicle system dynamics. Understanding the future from the past

A detailed analysis of scientific research directions and methods in ground vehicle dynamics and vehicle system dynamics during the past century is presented in this article. What started as peculiarities of vehicle motion, dynamics of vehicles went through extensive research and engineering work and was established as an applied science – vehicle dynamics. Steady motion and transient manoeuvres, multi-flexible-body dynamics, nonlinear and stochastic dynamics, terramechanics, vehicle operational properties and their multi-criterion optimisation, computer modelling and simulation, analysis and optimal synthesis, various controls, inverse vehicle dynamics, open architecture-type, and multi-domain vehicle systems – these are the milestones of developments over the past century. This article considers the subject-matter and the substance of vehicle dynamics in general, and new research directions of modern vehicle dynamics in particular. It is shown that modern vehicle dynamics is acquiring principally new features including agile dynamics of multi-physics mechatronic systems (including cyber-type systems), coupled and interactive vehicle system dynamics.     

历史城区通勤者出行方式与活动模式交互作用研究

为了探究历史城区通勤者出行方式与活动模式之间的交互特征,选取根据扬州市历史城区作为研究对象.根据出行调查数据将出行方式和活动模式分别划分为4类,运用协同进化Logit模型理论,对模型的参数进行了合理设置和标定,分别建立出行方式选择和活动模式交互选择的多项Logit模型,与未考虑交互选择对比发现,交互后能够提高模型的总体命中率.研究结果表明:公共交通出行的通勤者与简单出行链HWH互为正相关;电动车通勤者与活动模式HW+MH和HW+OH互为负相关,说明历史城区通勤者较少选择电动车完成非工作出行;慢行方式对活动模式HW+ OH的相关系数为1.052,说明使用慢行出行的通勤者倾向选择活动模式HW+OH.     

南京地铁1号线电客车轮缘润滑块国产化研究

南京地铁1号线国产轮缘润滑块具备替代进口件的条件.通过近一年的国产化试验,原始数据证明国产润滑块无论在每万公里消耗上,还是在对轮缘的减磨效果上都能达到期望值,亦未发生固死故障、掉块、断裂等现象.与进口轮缘润滑块的技术参数对比,在保证使用安全、高效的同时,在经济效益和采购周期方面也效果显著.国产润滑块各项技术指标均优于进口产品.     

海岸防护中护底块石稳定重量的确定

在分析规范中护底抛石稳定重量与堤前最大波浪底流速关系的基础上,从波浪理论出发,探讨了不同波浪理论所确定的堤前最大波浪底流速的异同点,同时借助于稳定重量的波浪水槽试验结果来判断其合理性。研究结果表明,护底抛石的稳定重量与堤前最大波浪底流速的3次方成正比,在确定流速的三种方法中,微幅波及斯托克斯二阶波所得到的堤前最大波浪底流速基本相同,且明显小于椭圆余弦波的结果。结合试验可知,椭圆余弦波理论用于指导抛石护底稳定重量的设计较为合理,而微幅波理论及斯托克斯二阶波理论的结果偏小,不利于工程安全。     

斜坡堤次护面块体的稳定性研究Ⅰ

我国JTJ 298—1998《防波堤设计与施工规范》规定,外坡在设计低水位以下1~1.5倍设计波高之间的护面块体质量,取计算水位上下1倍波高间护面块体计算质量的1/5。水深30 m的某防波堤工程模型试验结果表明,按这一规定确定的质量稳定性不足。为检验这一规定,进行了两个断面的模型试验,分别位于静水面下1倍和1.5倍设计波高处的护面块体质量按上述规定确定。利用护面块体安全度的概念,分析得到护面块体的安全度分别为2.43和2.46以上,都大于2.2。试验说明,在Hld≥0.3时上述规定是合理的,但在Hld=0.16时失效。