"三高"环境对船舶机电设备的影响

与东海、黄海以及北海相比,南海海域有着高温持续时间长、湿度大、盐度高的特点,文章通过对某船机电设备进行跟踪监测,探讨了“高温、高湿、高盐”环境对船舶机电设备的影响。经过理论分析及监测数据比较,发现“三高”环境会加快某些设备的腐蚀速度,严重降低电机的绝缘性能,但对机械设备的磨损影响不大。根据研究结果提出了有关装备使用的意见。     

空气湿度对地铁车轮磨耗的影响及机理研究

车轮磨耗影响着地铁的运营安全和运营成本。目前,关于车轮磨耗的研究多集中于轴重、轮轨接触状态等因素的影响,考虑空气湿度影响的研究较少。通过对某城市地铁进行了长期监测,对每月的车轮平均磨耗量及空气相对湿度进行了统计分析,得出了车轮磨耗量随空气湿度增加而降低的规律;并结合已有试验数据,对这一规律进行了验证。对空气湿度影响车轮磨耗的机理进行了探讨,发现在气温未达到露点温度时,湿度主要影响轮轨接触表面的粗糙度、硬度以及氧化膜的形成;在气温达到露点温度之后,轮轨表面将会形成水膜,这将会降低轮轨间摩擦系数,降低车轮的磨耗量。     

青岛地铁采用温湿度独立调节空调系统的必要性分析

从理论上分析了温湿度独立控制空调系统的优越性,结合青岛地区的气候及地铁空调负荷的特点,论证了青岛地铁采用温湿度独立控制空调系统的必要性。     

考虑季节性温湿变化的混凝土桥梁徐变计算模型研究

为研究温湿变化对混凝土桥徐变效应的长期影响,建立考虑季节性温湿变化的混凝土桥徐变计算模型.该模型以卢志芳模型为基础,选取我国6个典型温湿度特征城市,基于徐变系数非减原则,建立温湿度时变函数,利用多项式累加和积改进卢志芳模型,得到改进徐变模型.将该模型应用于某预应力混凝土连续梁桥(假设该桥分别位于6个城市)10年徐变效应...     

燃料电池气体温湿度与电堆性能分析

系统性能指标是实现燃料电池工程化应用的瓶颈之一,系统搭建和调试过程中,空气与燃料温湿度是影响质子交换膜燃料电池性能的重要因素,对系统控制策略和辅机搭配方案的制定产生很大影响。本文通过实验与统计相结合的研究方式,研究15 kW燃料电池电堆在增湿温度分别为60℃、70℃和80℃条件下分别进行氢空单侧增湿、双侧增湿和不增湿时的输出功率、发电效率和单电池电压一致性。其中输出功率采用测试台直接测量、发电效率通过经验公式计算、电压一致性则通过巡检记录和统计方法相结合的方式评价。结果表明70℃时各增湿方案下优于其他温度同等湿度条件下的电堆性能,有增湿条件明显优于无增湿方案电堆性能,而双侧增湿和氢空单侧增湿对电堆性能影响不大。     

燃料电池发动机空气参数的最优控制

研究了燃料电池测试平台空气系统的控制算法,目的是获得最佳的空气温度和湿度控制,使得系统调整时间最短。建立了燃料电池空气子系统的温度控制模型和湿度控制模型,给出了控制算法,并将本研究的最优控制算法应用于燃料电池发动机系统;计算结果表明,该算法实现了系统的最优控制。     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

汽车空调温度湿度控制一体化设计

汽车空调一方面受乘客多少以及开门次数的影响,另一方面又受到行车状况的影响,因此其温度湿度变化较大,难以做到较准确的控制。为改善这一状况,本文提出运用集成温度传感器和集成湿度传感器,并采用一体化设计思想,将强制通风手段运用其中,达到自动调节的功用。     

高分子湿度传感器湿滞和温度补偿神经网路算法研究

高分子湿度传感器的感湿特性存在湿滞环,并且传感器对温度比较敏感,需要进行湿度和温度补偿。本文构建了两个BP神经网路分别映射传感器感湿特性的升程和降成,并同时将环境温度参数作为神经网络输入的一部分,实现传感器湿滞映射和温度补偿。利用MATLAB神经网络工具箱对网络进行了离线训练和验证,结果表明该网络能够较理想地映射传感器的湿滞环,并能够达到温度补偿作用。     

长江中游相对湿度的气候变化特征及其对航运的影响分析

利用1965～2008年长江中游附近17个气象观测站点的相对湿度数据分析了长江中游相对湿度的气候变化特征.分析结果表明:长江中游年平均相对湿度在65％～85％之间,除个别站点外年平均相对湿度以及年高湿日天数均有减小的趋势;大部分站点6～8月份的相对湿度比其他月份要高,且与其他月份相对湿度的差值有增加趋势;高湿日天数在1/3以上,较西的站点7月份高湿日最多,较东的站点3月份高湿日最多;相对湿度与降雨量呈正相关,与蒸发量和日照时间呈负相关.相对湿度的这种变化对粮食、化肥等货物的运输是有利的.