大跨度双线铁路混凝土桥极限跨径的研究

混凝土桥是我国大跨度铁路桥梁广泛应用的结构形式,但长期以来缺少对不同桥型跨越能力和适用范围的系统研究。大跨度混凝土桥的设计实践表明,支点截面混凝土的抗剪通常是控制其跨越能力的主要因素,以荷载作用下的剪应力达到混凝土容许剪应力为标准,分析得到了双线预应力混凝土连续梁(刚构)桥的理论极限跨径。在此基础上,通过分析主梁与加劲拱、拉索的荷载分配关系,进一步研究得到了连续梁(刚构)-拱桥、部分斜拉桥的理论极限跨径,分析结论与实际工程基本相符。同时在理论值基础上,结合设计经验给出工程实用极限跨径的建议值,对大跨度混凝土桥的桥式方案选择和投资控制具有一定价值。     

地铁1500V混合型制动能量吸收装置

地铁列车再生制动能量处理是地铁系统的一个重要课题。国内外多年来提出并实践了多种方案,但是没有一种方案的技术性能、节能减排效果、设备造价等各方面综合性能让用户普遍满意。本文介绍了电阻＋逆变混合型制动能量吸收装置。该装置以较先进的技术性能、较低的设备造价在保证列车正常制动的同时较好地实现节能减排效果,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

基于混合补偿的同相牵引供电系统

为解决异相牵引供电方式存在的电能质量和电力机车过分相问题,将有源补偿和无源对称补偿技术相结合,提出基于平衡变压器接线方式的混合式同相牵引供电系统结构。文中给出混合式同相供电的统一补偿理论、无源补偿系统的无源元件参数计算方法、有源补偿的控制策略、无源和有源补偿的协调控制策略。最后,以采用YNvd接线方式的平衡变压器为例,采用MATLAB软件仿真验证该系统方案和控制策略的正确性。     

土石方调配问题双层规划模型及算法研究

研究目的:针对铁路土石方工程中较少考虑对生态环境影响的现状,研究如何构建合理的土石方调配问题模型,实现铁路土石方工程与生态环境的有效协调,减少对生态环境的影响的同时,从而实现土石方工程系统最优的目标。研究结论:根据土石方工程具体特点,系统地描述土石方调配问题,在此基础上兼顾政府监管部门与施工企业双方不同的利益目标,建立土石方调配问题双层规划模型。在双层规划模型中,上层模型为土石方工程系统最优模型,下层模型为土石方调配费用最低模型。计算结果表明:土石方调配问题双层规划模型在减少对保护生态环境影响同时,降低工程建设成本。     

苛求软件可靠性方法、技术与模型研究

从瀑布式程序设计的角度,综述了苛求系统软件生命周期各阶段的可靠性方法、技术和模型,包括需求形式化建模与验证、屏蔽设计错误的多版本软件容错、函数式程序设计以及可靠度评估模型等。总结比较各自适用的开发阶段、面向的目标错误类型及优缺点。     

考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的单向交通组织优化

考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的因素,从道路负荷与公平性的角度出发,优化单向交通组织方案。建立一主多从的双层规划模型,上层规划是多目标规划,以单行交通组织方案为决策,以路段饱和度超限量最小化降低道路负荷、以车辆绕行系数最小化提高公平性。下层规划是考虑支路路段双向车流相互影响的均衡交通分配(每个点对之间的最短路各自由1个下层规划确定,但所有下层规划确定的最短路可一次性求解)。双层规划可用模拟退火算法求解,求解效果明显优于支路路段通行能力等量划分为双向分道行驶的传统优化方法。     

Storage space allocation in container terminals

Container terminals are essential intermodal interfaces in the global transportation network. Efficient container handling at terminals is important in reducing transportation costs and keeping shipping schedules. In this paper, we study the storage space allocation problem in the storage yards of terminals. This problem is related to all the resources in terminal operations, including quay cranes, yard cranes, storage space, and internal trucks. We solve the problem using a rolling-horizon approach. For each planning horizon, the problem is decomposed into two levels and each level is formulated as a mathematical programming model. At the first level, the total number of containers to be placed in each storage block in each time period of the planning horizon is set to balance two types of workloads among blocks. The second level determines the number of containers associated with each vessel that constitutes the total number of containers in each block in each period, in order to minimize the total distance to transport the containers between their storage blocks and the vessel berthing locations. Numerical runs show that with short computation time the method significantly reduces the workload imbalance in the yard, avoiding possible bottlenecks in terminal operations.     

Performance Evaluation of Hybrid-Drive Buses and Potential Fuel Savings in Brazilian Urban Transit

Transporting more than 55 million passengers per day, buses are the main transit mode in Brazil. Most of these vehicles use diesel oil and this situation causes dependence on oil, extensive greenhouse gas emissions and increasing air pollution in urban areas. In order to improve this situation the options for Brazilian cities include the use of alternative fuels and new propulsion technologies, such as hybrid vehicles. This article proposes a procedure for evaluating the performance of a recently developed Brazilian hybrid-drive technology. A simple procedure is presented to compare hybrid-drive buses with conventional diesel buses in urban operation focusing on fuel economy and the potential for reducing diesel oil consumption through the use of hybrid-drive buses. Field tests carried out by the authors indicate that fuel consumption improvement through the use of hybrid-drive buses would certainly exceed 20%, resulting in lower fuel costs and reduced carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.     

钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱桥实桥静载测试与分析

进行了第一座钢管 - 钢管混凝土复合拱试验桥--福建福鼎山前大桥实桥静载测试和有限元模拟分析,对钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱静力性能进行了讨论,研究表明,复合拱的静力性能与等截面拱相近,但拱肋变截面处应变应是设计中的控制因素,极限承载力分析应考虑双重非线性的影响.