The rise and fall of the American carpool: 1970–1990

Recent declines in carpooling among American commuters are analyzed using data derived from the US Census of Population, the Nationwide Personal Transportation Study, and the American Home Survey. The most important factors associated with recent declines in carpooling to and from work in the US include increasing household vehicle availability, falling real marginal fuel costs, and higher average educational attainments among commuters. Age, sex, family income, household lifecycle characteristics, urban form, racial diversity and relative poverty appear to have had smaller effects on observed changes in carpooling for the work trip.     

缸内直喷式汽油机工作过程三维数值模拟

将一台柴油机改装为缸内直喷式汽油机,采用KIVA-Ⅱ软件时缸内直喷式汽油机的两个典型工况(分层燃烧和均质预混合燃烧)的燃烧过程进行了三维数值模拟。计算结果表明,采用分层燃烧和均质预混合燃烧具有不同的火焰传播方式和特点。     

电控燃油喷射汽油机冷起动过程的排放研究

选取中国和日本的4种采用电控燃油喷射的汽油机轿车进行了冷起动过程HC和CO排放参数测试。试验结果表明,空燃比的有效控制仍是优化冷起动过程的重点和难点。提出控制冷起动过程排放的关键时段在起动后的30s,在此期间应设法对空燃比实施有效控制以及优化冷起动过程。     

用于混合动力汽车的电子油门装置

混合动力汽车在行驶中给电池充电工况对发动机的控制提出了新的要求。本文设计了一套电控油门装置,该装置在现有汽油机电控单元的基础上,增加对节气门的控制。通过在长安羚羊7130轿车上试验,验证了该方案的可行性。     

用电控补气改进车用汽油机排放

探讨了化油器式汽油机采用电控补充二次空气加三元催化器控制排放的效果。在大量试验的基础上 ,分析了由于机前补气位置不同 ,造成混合气的均匀度和各缸进气的均匀度不同 ,从而影响CO ,HC和NOx 排放的控制以及补气流量的变化对排放的影响 ,最终得到了最佳方案。     

一种新型汽油机电子控制单元

介绍了一种新型汽油机电子控制单元 (ECU)。该ECU在上海大众Metronic系统基础上通过首次引入现场可编程技术实现了车用发动机的柔性控制系统。试验结果表明 ,该电控系统不仅在机械及电子接口上与原系统完全兼容 ,而且体积更小 ,可靠性和抗干扰能力更强。介绍了上述各功能的控制策略 ,并给出了试验结果。     

车用3缸汽油机进排气管的流动特性计算分析

采用一维非定常流动计算模型和程序 ,对车用 3缸汽油机的不同进排气系统流动特性进行了计算分析。计算结果表明 ,长进气支管的进气管比短进气支管的进气管的充量系数高 ,并阐明了其充气特性出现双峰现象的机理及主要影响因素 ,扩压型排气管和容器型排气管均有利于减少排气时的泵气损失     

分子筛对汽油机冷起动HC排放捕集效果研究

利用发动机台架模拟汽车冷起动工况,研究了不同结构和尺度的沸石分子筛对汽油机冷起动HC捕集过程的影响,并提出了评价HC捕集器性能的指标。根据捕集器与三效催化转化器的串联应用效果,指出了两者之间匹配的重要性。研究结果表明,颗粒型沸石分子筛的大小对HC捕集过程影响不大;而整体蜂窝型捕集器的HC捕集效果明显优于颗粒型捕集器,具有很大的研究潜力。     

Combustion stability analysis during engine stop and restart in a hybrid powertrain

A cycle-resolved analysis system was designed with the specified measurement instruments to investigate the characteristics of combustion stability in a mild gasoline hybrid powertrain. A Fast Response Flame Ionization Detector (FFID), cylinder pressure transducer and engine torque transducer were used to observe both the engine-out THC emissions and engine performance during a brief moment of engine restart. This research aimed to improve combustion stability and was performed by varying the battery State Of Charge (SOC), injection duration and ignition timing. The results indicate that engine combustion tends to be more stable with longer fuel injection durations and advanced ignition timing, while the effect of the battery SOC is negligible. Also, peculiar differences in the catalyst conversion efficiency at the front and rear of the catalyst during engine restart and deceleration were revealed, with the degree of HC oxidation being the suspected cause. This study not only analyzed the engine control and engine-out total hydrocarbon (THC) emission characteristics, but also implemented control strategies that allowed for combustion stability during engine stop and restart operation.     

电控液压全可变气门冲击回弹试验研究

为了实现HCCI模式到SI模式平稳转换,使发动机控制系统对进排气门的控制具有更大的柔性,开发了电控液压驱动全可变配气门。在开发的测试系统内,对样机进行了测试,新设计的电液驱动气门配气性能有了提高,存在的主要问题是气门打开后有回弹现象,气门冲击回弹大。针对气门冲击回弹影响因素,以系统的管路长度、压力作为参数变量,在不同转速下对电液气门进行了测试。分析了参数的灵敏度并确定了参数选择的范围,提出了新的解决方案,为进一步仿真优化气门定时和气门升程调整提供了基础。