噪声软件在多孔沥青混凝土路面降噪中的应用

现场或者室内试验的实测数据难以将多孔沥青混凝土路面的降噪性能进行理论化,因此,选择合适的吸声模型和计算软件将直接影响降噪性能理论分析的准确性。通过比较目前流行的几款噪声分析软件,结合多孔沥青混凝土路面的特性,选择全球首款全频段振动噪声软件PAM VA ONE,建立Allard-Johnson吸声模型,计算得到不同空隙率沥青混凝土试件的吸声频谱和平均吸声系数。室内吸声系数试验表明,采用Allard-Johnson吸声模型在PAM VA ONE软件中得到的计算值与试验实测值之间的相似系数达0.9,PAM VA ONE软件分析多孔沥青混凝土路面噪声的可靠性较高。     

废旧橡胶颗粒沥青混合料抗滑性能研究

通过摆式摩擦系数仪和铺砂法分别检测了成型板式试件的摩擦系数和构造深度,对5种级配对应的摩擦系数、构造深度、关键筛孔通过率,以及构造深度与空隙率之间的关系进行分析,研究认为：4.75 mm筛孔通过率是控制级配组成的一个重要因素,对混合料的多项性能都有很大影响,通过率越低,抗滑性越好;空隙率可作为抗滑性的评价指标。     

谈创新工艺对公路建设的贡献

随着新工艺的推广和使用,公路施工中以往遇到的很多难题迎刃而解。文章介绍了两种公路施工新工艺,阐述了其优点及控制要点,在降低施工成本的同时缩短了施工工期。     

桥梁断面静三分力系数的CFD计算分析

利用流体分析软件Fluent计算了不同桥梁断面型式在中等雷诺数时和不同攻角下的阻力系数和升力系数。文中选用6类不同桥梁断面型式进行了计算分析。通过计算得出的阻力、升力系数随攻角的变化对比以及风场压力云图直观反映,初步分析了各类断面在静风作用下三分力系数值的特性。计算结果表明,钝体断面其阻力系数的变化形式相似,而上下不对称开口会造成其升力系数的变化;而流线型断面,其阻力系数与钝体断面截然不同,与攻角有直接的关系,实际应用需要多注意。     

岩溶对隧道工程的影响及设计建议

介绍了岩溶的类型及对隧道工程的影响和危害,针对这些问题,提出了线位避让、岩溶水处理、合理选择隧道衬砌结构、坑道形式等设计建议及安全施工措施。     

On vehicle/track impact at connection between a floating slab and ballasted track and floating slab track's effectiveness of force isolation

When a vehicle runs over the connection between a floating slab track (FST) and ballasted track, wheel/rail impact may occur because of the stiffness difference in the two kinds of track, and thus a transition sector is usually included at the connection to smoothen the stiffness change. This phenomenon is studied by numerical simulation using a time-domain model for an idealised case without such a transition to determine whether it is actually necessary. Calculation results show that the wheel/rail impact load is moderate for a light FST and increases with the vehicle speed or decreasing the natural frequency of the FST. From simulation the wheel/rail parametric excitation is observed, as a result of variation in the stiffness of the FST with the period of the single slab length. The wheel/rail load due to the parametric excitation also increases with the vehicle speed. In addition, good performance of vibration isolation can be seen for the FST in terms of the force transmitted to the infrastructure.     

A dynamic wheel–rail impact analysis of railway track under wheel flat by finite element analysis

Wheel–rail interaction is one of the most important research topics in railway engineering. It involves track impact response, track vibration and track safety. Track structure failures caused by wheel–rail impact forces can lead to significant economic loss for track owners through damage to rails and to the sleepers beneath. Wheel–rail impact forces occur because of imperfections in the wheels or rails such as wheel flats, irregular wheel profiles, rail corrugations and differences in the heights of rails connected at a welded joint. A wheel flat can cause a large dynamic impact force as well as a forced vibration with a high frequency, which can cause damage to the track structure. In the present work, a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for the impact analysis induced by the wheel flat is developed by the use of the FE analysis (FEA) software package ANSYS and validated by another validated simulation. The effect of wheel flats on impact forces is thoroughly investigated. It is found that the presence of a wheel flat will significantly increase the dynamic impact force on both rail and sleeper. The impact force will monotonically increase with the size of wheel flats. The relationships between the impact force and the wheel flat size are explored from this FEA and they are important for track engineers to improve their understanding of the design and maintenance of the track system.     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

铁路路基粗粒土填料压缩变形特性试验研究

在路基工程中,压实系数、含水率是两个重要影响因素。提高压实系数可改善水稳定性。控制压实系数和含水率是保证路基稳固的关键。结合兰新铁路第二双线建设所采用的粗粒土作为路基填料,做了大量的室内压缩变形特性试验以及分析研究,得出粗粒土的压缩变形特性在不同因素下的影响规律。研究结果表明:提高压实系数,可获得良好的压实效果;增加加载次数可显著增强路基的稳定性,降低路基的变形;为了减小水对路基压缩变形特性的影响,铁路路基应有良好的表面防止雨水入渗、完善的周围排水系统,并重视防洪工作。     

对大桥深水基础采用沉井方案之浅见

该文主要介绍笔者在长江几座大桥实践上的一些认识和体会,尤其在几种助沉措施的比较和定位工作中提出一些观点和建议,可供同行参考。