基于Panel Data的山地城市立交基本段通行能力影响因素研究

通过统计学分析，基于重庆市主城区不同立交基本段采集的交通流与道路线型等数据，建立Panel Data(面板数据)模型，研究山地城市立交基本段通行能力的主要影响因素，确定通行能力与主要影响因素间的数学关系，对主要影响因素的敏感度排序.结果表明：竖曲线半径、设计速度、圆曲线半径、大车比例是影响山地城市立交基本段通行能力的主要因素，其 中，竖曲线半径对通行能力的影响最大，敏感度最高，为20.66%；道路坡度由于影响权重较小，被大车比例取代.     

冲击载荷作用下预紧力螺栓强度特性研究

对冲击载荷作用下的预紧力螺栓进行强度分析,对比分析螺栓联接结构在横向冲击和纵向冲击以及不同预紧力和不同冲击载荷工况下的螺栓强度和结构响应,验算了某舰用汽缸在冲击载荷作用下的螺栓强度。研究表明,螺栓联接在冲击载荷作用下,螺栓的应力响应随着预紧力的变化而变化,且受剪螺栓的预紧应力在其材料屈服极限的40%左右时,其强度最大;受拉螺栓的强度会随着其预紧力的增大而变薄弱;同时受剪拉作用的螺栓,当预紧应力在其材料屈服极限的40%左右时,其强度最大。     

高强聚乙烯层合板抗侵彻性能

以世界上较为通用的破片模拟弹作为高强聚乙烯层合板的防御对象,利用高速摄影技术得到了破片的具体侵彻过程,并通过弹道试验,得到了弹道极限和剩余速度的试验值。试验后的靶板变形模式和吸能机理表明:高强聚乙烯层合板在弹道极限附近的防护效率最高。根据试验结果拟合得到了不同面密度下的靶板弹道极限和剩余速度的经验公式,并比较了经验公式和经典公式计算值与试验结果,前者与试验结果吻合较好。     

冲击荷载下简支道面板响应分析

建立了冲击荷载作用下粘弹性地基上弹性道面板力学计算模型,比较真实的反映了工程实际情况,对简支边界条件下板的运动方程,采用有限傅立叶变换等手段进行了求解。并对比了其与自由边界条件下道面板的弯沉,说明以简支边界作为场道工程中刚性道面板的边界条件进行求解,会增加混凝土材料的用量。     

机械自动变速器换挡冲击对策研究

针对电控机械自动变速器系统在试验过程中产生换挡冲击、同步器异常磨损等问题展开研究,通过分析具体换挡工作过程及机理,提出了消除换挡冲击的控制方法并实车进行验证。实验结果表明,该方法能有效避免换挡冲击并延长同步器使用寿命。     

Energy impact evaluation for eco-routing and charging of autonomous electric vehicle fleet: Ambient temperature consideration

This paper studies the heterogeneous energy cost and charging demand impact of autonomous electric vehicle (EV) fleet under different ambient temperature. A data-driven method is introduced to formulate a two-dimensional grid stochastic energy consumption model for electric vehicles. The energy consumption model aids in analyzing EV energy cost and describing uncertainties under variable average vehicle trip speed and ambient temperature conditions. An integrated eco-routing and optimal charging decision making framework is designed to improve the capability of autonomous EV’s trip level energy management in a shared fleet. The decision making process helps to find minimum energy cost routes with consideration of charging strategies and travel time requirements. By taking advantage of derived models and technologies, comprehensive case studies are performed on a data-driven simulated transportation network in New York City. Detailed results show us the heterogeneous energy impact and charging demand under different ambient temperature. By giving the same travel demand and charging station information, under the low and high ambient temperature within each month, there exist more than 20% difference of overall energy cost and 60% difference of charging demand. All studies will help to construct sustainable infrastructure for autonomous EV fleet trip level energy management in real world applications.     

Design and development of a hybrid ant colony-variable neighbourhood search algorithm for a multi-depot green vehicle routing problem

The traditional distribution planning problem in a supply chain has often been studied mainly with a focus on economic benefits. The growing concern about the effects of anthropogenic pollutions has forced researchers and supply chain practitioners to address the socio-environmental concerns. This research study focuses on incorporating the environmental impact on route design problem. In this work, the aim is to integrate both the objectives, namely economic cost and emission cost reduction for a capacitated multi-depot green vehicle routing problem. The proposed models are a significant contribution to the field of research in green vehicle routing problem at the operational level. The formulated integer linear programming model is solved for a set of small scale instances using LINGO solver. A computationally efficient Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based meta-heuristic is developed for solving both small scale and large scale problem instances in reasonable amount of time. For solving large scale instances, the performance of the proposed ACO based meta-heuristic is improved by integrating it with a variable neighbourhood search.     

大数据背景下的交通模型发展思考

将传统交通调查和模型与新的信息技术相结合,根据大数据的特征改进交通模型的方法体系,是交通模型发展面临的极大挑战.分析交通大数据对交通模型研发的促进作用,特别是在人口及就业岗位分布、综合交通网络数据和基于交通调查的模型参数等核心数据方面的支撑作用.从相关定义、市场细分以及信息完整性三个方面阐述大数据与交通模型的一致性问题.深入讨论应用大数据改进交通调查技术、4D模型研发、出行分布目的地选择模型、轨道交通出行接驳模型、出行成本校核等交通模型关键技术.通过对比大数据和交通模型的决策分析过程,指出大数据与交通模型互动发展的途径.     

公路边坡锚索框架梁内力计算及参数影响分析

预应力锚索框架支护体系广泛应用于公路边坡工程的修复与加固中,框架梁作为该支护体系中不可缺的一部分,其内力计算和相关参数的影响研究显得尤为重要。依托预应力锚索框架加固边坡的工程案例,通过框架梁内力实测值与现今工程中较为常用的框架梁计算方法的计算结果的对比,研究了不同计算方法的准确性和适用性。在对比分析结果的基础上,重点探讨了梁截面尺寸、悬臂端长度及地基反力系数等因素对框架梁内力及地基反力的影响。     

滚石冲击荷载下垫层材料的动力响应研究

棚洞垫层结构能有效地耗散滚石冲击能量,大幅度降低滚石冲击力,是滚石防护棚洞设计的关键参数。本文以Hertz接触理论为基础,考虑棚洞土垫层的弹塑性特性,运用动力有限元数值仿真技术,研究了滚石法向冲击荷载下耗能垫层结构,分析了滚石冲击速度、半径对垫层土体动力响应规律的影响,为棚洞垫层结构优化设计提供理论依据。计算结果表明:按照完全弹性理论计算过高地估计了滚石冲击力;滚石冲击能量主要转化为土垫层的塑性变形;土石垫层结构能有效地吸收滚石冲击能量,大大降低滚石对棚洞结构的冲击力。