带缺陷隧道底板结构空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究

针对隧道底板中空腔、含水、裂缝等结构内部损伤情况，为提高传统接触式冲击回波方法的检测效率，从气-固耦合的角度出发，以空气作为底板结构与检测系统之间应力波传播的耦合介质，开展隧道底板结构内部缺陷的空气耦合冲击回波响应特性研究。研究结果表明： 1）采用空气耦合冲击回波的方法确定的底板结构内部缺陷深度与缺陷理论深度值基本吻合； 2）检测系统的精度与缺陷尺寸及深度有关，随着缺陷尺寸的减小及深度增加，检测精度逐渐降低； 3）空气耦合冲击回波方法对空腔和含水缺陷的检测效果优于裂缝缺陷检测效果。     

Participating mass in colliding risers

One of the main challenges in estimating impact energy in collisions between marine risers is the assessment of the riser mass involved in the collision. Evidently the entire riser mass does not contribute to the collision. Hence, the question is: What is the equivalent riser mass which contributes to the impact energy? This article presents three different ways of estimating the riser mass participating in the collision energy. The first method is strictly experimental. The second method uses a numerical experiment together with system identification techniques. The third method is a strictly analytical method, which results in an asymptotically upper bounded estimate of the participating mass. Two risers are examined as case studies. The first riser is a 1 : 100 model scale riser used in collision experiments carried out at Marintek's towing tank in Trondheim, Norway. The second case uses a real world riser in use on the Troll B oil production platform operating in the North Sea. The proposed methods yield consistent and comparable results. Received for publication on Feb. 1, 1999; accepted on July 8, 1999     

关于互通选型与规模的几点认识

立交型式的选择是立交建设中重要的前期工作，型式不同，将使整个立交的交通功能、投资、景观及社会和经济效益等方面均受到影响。     

中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥冲击系数研究及建议取值

为弥补中国现行桥梁规范中计算动力冲击系数时考虑因素单一的不足,对冲击系数的影响因素进行研究,并提出更合理的冲击系数建议值。首先,根据中国桥梁通用图集建立13座不同截面形式和不同跨径的常见中小跨径公路混凝土简支梁桥的有限元模型,结合能表征中国设计车辆荷载动力特性的三维车辆数值模型,建立车桥耦合振动分析系统。然后,基于车桥耦合振动分析系统,研究桥梁基频、桥面不平整度、车速和车质量等因素对动力冲击系数的影响,并与中国现行桥梁设计规范中的动力冲击系数取值进行对比分析。最后,提出冲击系数的建议值,并与世界各国桥梁规范中的冲击系数取值进行对比,讨论建议值的合理性。结果表明:桥面不平整度是影响冲击系数的重要因素,在桥面好的情况下,冲击系数均在0.1以下,低于规范中规定的冲击系数,而桥面很差时,冲击系数可达0.5,远大于中国现行规范中的冲击系数设计值,因此,定期对桥面进行维护能有效减小车辆对桥梁的冲击效应;质量轻的车辆引起更大的冲击系数,但由于车辆总质量轻,其导致的总荷载效应仍然较小,而重车虽然引起的冲击系数较小,但由于其导致的总荷载效应较大,更易对桥面造成损伤,因此,限制超载尤为重要。     

Effect of obstacles on roads with different waviness values on the vehicle response

The effect of the increasing number of cosine-form obstacles, which are superposed on a standard homogeneous longitudinal road profile, is studied when the waviness of the basic road profile changes in the range from 1.5 to 3.5. First, the effect of the composed profile on the power spectral density (PSD) is analysed. It appears that the primary PSD in the form of a straight-line in the log-log plot breaks into two straight-line partial segments with quite different waviness values in the long and short wavelength bands. This seems to be a suitable model of a highly deteriorated road. Next, the effect on the response of two typical vehicles, viz. a personal car and a three-axle truck, is studied, and rather different results were obtained. In a summary valuation, it appears that the presence of additional obstacles causes independence of some of the vehicle response quantities of the primary waviness.     

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Value of Marine Spatial Planning Towards Advancing Offshore Wind in the U.S.

The United States contributes only 0.2% of the 18,814?MW of global installed offshore wind capacity. Lack of development has been attributed in part to a cumbersome regulatory process that includes the evaluation of environmental impacts. Assessments are based on biological, social, and technical data that are often incomplete. Marine spatial planning (MSP) may help fill data gaps. We conducted semi-structured interviews with key informants to understand (1) whether a lack of biological data impedes offshore wind environmental assessments, (2) whether MSP could mitigate these impediments, and (3) whether MSP could advance offshore wind development in the U.S. in other ways. Most informants stated that a lack of biological data in offshore wind environmental assessments was problematic due to incomplete data, uncertainty of data, and mismatched scales. Data issues may be mitigated by creation of data products and increased communication, outcomes of MSP that may benefit the regulatory process by increasing data availability, resolving conflicts among users, and providing a common operating picture. Challenges remain in integrating MSP into the processes of siting and permitting offshore wind, but it provides a strategic framework for the systematic identification, collection, collation, analyses, application, and management of data in the offshore wind environmental regulatory process.     

10CrNi3MoV船用钢热冲压成形表层渐变微观结构与抗冲击性能

采用电子显微镜（SEM）、力学性能测试等手段,分析了10CrNi3MoV船用钢热冲压成形前后微观结构变化,及热冲压成形后材料表层渐变微观结构和里层马氏体结构产生原因与变化规律。研究表明,在热冲压成形过程中,10CrNi3MoV船用钢受急剧的冷热交互作用及高温氧化脱碳等的影响,其表层由里到表依次形成以完全马氏体、马氏体与铁素体的混合组织、铁素体组成的渐变微观结构,里层则形成以均匀的板条状的马氏体组织为主的微观结构。10CrNi3MoV船用钢热冲压成形后其表层渐变微观结构,能有效的降低结构的峰值冲击力,保证了内层强度大的马氏体材料不至于过早失效,而材料较平缓的结构峰值力及逐层失效的特点性,使热冲压成形后的成形件保持较高的吸能能力和抗冲击性能。     

提高港口工程结构设计使用年限的可行性研究

针对是否全面提高港口工程结构设计使用年限的问题,回顾目前我国港口工程结构设计使用年限确定的过程,对比分析国内外工程结构设计使用年限的规定,总结国内外设计使用年限100 a时的设计规定,分析提高港口工程设计使用年限需考虑的因素,讨论提高设计使用年限需开展的工作。研究认为,全面提高港口工程结构设计使用年限在技术上是可行的,但需要开展作用取值、结构可靠度分析、耐久性设计方法等多方面研究工作。参考国内其他行业和国外港口工程结构设计使用年限规定,结合我国港口使用现状,提出永久性港口建筑物设计使用年限仍采用50 a,对于特别重要的港口工程,可结合业主要求,采用50 a以上的建议。     

公路发展水平评价指标的研究

通过研究传统的反映公路发展水平的公路统计指标及其存在的问题,分析反映公路发展水平的因素,提出一套全面准确合理的反映公路发展水平的综合评价指标。     

BRT综合评价体系的关联规则挖掘分析

利用关联规则挖掘技术,对BRT综合评价体系中各评价指标与综合评价结果之间的关系进行量化分析,得到各评价指标的支持度和可信度,并采用Apriori算法找出BRT综合评价体系中满足最小支持度和最小置信度要求的强关联规则;根据各评价指标与综合评价结果之间关联关系所具有的可信度,判断BRT综合评价体系中各评价指标设置的科学性和各指标权值分配的合理性。应用实例表明,关联规则方法对于验证BRT综合评价体系构建是否科学合理具有重要意义。