矩阵项目型管理在整车研发过程中的解析及优化

汽车行业的竞争日益激烈,新车型层出不穷,如何高效地推动新车型的研发进度,成为现今汽车研发机构思考的一大难题。通过对汽车整车新产品研发项目管理现状的调研,发现主要有3种管理模式,文章结合整车项目管理的理论与实践,阐明某一车型研发的一种管理模式——矩阵型,并对其优点和缺点进行了阐述,同时针对矩阵型管理模式不足之处进行成因分析,提出针对性的解决措施。     

高等级公路路基拓宽工程处治技术探讨

该文针对高等级公路路基拓宽工程常见的病害,将拓宽路基进行模型简化,通过对实际项目进行计算分析,提出了加强新老路基结合面的处治,路基加筋,拓宽部分路基地基处理,拓宽路基填料及压实度控制等具体处治措施来减小新老路基交界面产生的沉降差。其成果对今后路基拓宽工程实际项目中处治措施的选择、设计和施工具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

双柱花瓶墩横向系杆力分析

对于城市高架桥常用的双柱花瓶式桥墩,其平面杆系模型难以准确计算系梁横向受力,结果往往偏于不安全。采用ANSYS实体有限元模型进行计算,并根据应力迹线绘制"撑杆-系杆体系"简化模型,分析各参数对横向系杆力的影响,并给出一种简便的计算方法。     

探究城市防洪综合评价模型及方法应用

目前我国城市防洪能力相对来说还比较低,城市的防洪系统不够完善。防洪技术和管理的落后,以及防洪规划的滞后等制约着我国城市防洪的发展。为此,探究城市防洪系统的综合评价问题有较大的意义。该文阐述了城市防洪系统综合评价指标的体系及其综合评价模型,并应用到现实的城市防洪系统综合评价中,以期为防洪系统规划建设与改进完善提供一定的借鉴。     

中新天津生态城市政配套工程中创新理念的应用

该文阐述了在中新天津生态城市政道路及排水工程设计中,所采用的生态、节能、环保的设计理念和思路,对其他市政工程的建设具有借鉴意义。     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

Analytical solutions for optimal ride comfort and tyre grip for passive vehicle suspensions

The paper derives analytical solutions for the global optimum of the ride comfort and tyre grip performance measures for a quarter-car vehicle model optimised both individually and in combination. The solutions are derived for six simple suspension networks comprising one or two springs, one damper and possibly one inerter. The solutions are functions of four vehicle parameters: the sprung mass, the unsprung mass, the tyre stiffness and the static stiffness, of the suspension.     

A method for estimation of vehicle inertial parameters

In this paper, a new method is presented for estimating the current sprung mass inertial parameters of a vehicle, such as the mass, pitch and roll mass moments of inertia, and lateral and longitudinal centre of gravity locations. The method measures the sprung mass response when the vehicle is driven over an unknown and unmeasured random road profile. From these measurements, the equivalent free-decay responses are extracted and modal analysis techniques used to estimate the sprung mass natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes. This information is combined with a simplified vehicle estimation model, least squares analysis and known equivalent stiffness parameters to estimate the vehicles’ inertial parameters. The results obtained from several simulation examples show that estimates of the inertial parameters generally have small relative errors.     

Model predictive control with constraints for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control vehicle model in transition manoeuvres

A vehicle following control law, based on the model predictive control method, to perform transition manoeuvres (TMs) for a nonlinear adaptive cruise control (ACC) vehicle is presented in this paper. The TM controller ultimately establishes a steady-state following distance behind a preceding vehicle to avoid collision, keeping account of acceleration limits, safe distance, and state constraints. The vehicle dynamics model is for continuous-time domain and captures the real dynamics of the sub-vehicle models for steady-state and transient operations. The ACC vehicle can execute the TM successfully and achieves a steady-state in the presence of complex dynamics within the constraint boundaries.     

An investigation into the effect of suspension configurations on the performance of tracked vehicles traversing bump terrains

This is a theoretical investigation into the effect of various suspension configurations on a tracked vehicle performance over bump terrains. The model developed is validated using published experimental data of the modal characteristics of the vehicle. The desired performance is based on ride comfort via the mixed objective function (MOF), which combines the crest factor of bounce acceleration, bounce displacement, angular acceleration, and pitch angle. The optimisation process involves evaluating the MOF for different numbers and locations of dampers and under different rigid bump road conditions and speeds. The system responses of the selected suspension configurations in the time and frequency domains are compared against the undamped suspension. The results show that the suspension configurations have a significant effect on the vehicle mobility over bump road profiles. For a five-road–wheel half model of a tracked vehicle, the maximum number of dampers to use for ride comfort over these road bumps is three with the dampers located at wheel positions 1, 2 and 5. This confirms the current practice for many tracked vehicles with 10 road wheels. However, it is further shown that the suspension fitted with two dampers at the extreme road wheels offer the best performance over various rigid bump terrains.