对车辆超载的原因及其治理对策的探讨

要从根本上治理超载,就必须了解超载的原因,只有从源头上抓住要害．才能对症下药。总的来说,超载的治理要坚持多种方式相结合的原则．注重长效机制的建立。     

Handling performance control for hybrid 8-wheel-drive vehicle and simulation verification

In order to improve handling performance of a hybrid 8-Wheel-Drive vehicle, the handling performance control strategy was proposed. For armoured vehicle, besides handling stability in high speed, the minimum steer radius in low speed is also a key tactical and technical index. Based on that, the proposed handling performance control strategy includes ‘Handling Stability’ and ‘Radius Minimization’ control modes. In ‘Handling Stability’ control mode, ‘Neutralsteer Radio’ is defined to adjust the steering characteristics to satisfy different demand in different speed range. In ‘Radius Minimization’ control mode, the independent motors are controlled to provide an additional yaw moment to decrease the minimum steer radius. In order to verify the strategy, a simulation platform was built including engine and continuously variable transmission systems, generator and battery systems, independent motors and controllers systems, vehicle dynamic and tyre mechanical systems. The simulation results show that the handling performance of the vehicle can be enhanced significantly, and the minimum steer radius can be decreased by 20% which is significant improvement compared to the common level of main battle armoured vehicle around the world.     

四川小净距隧道的发展与技术要点总结

文章详细介绍了四川公路小净距隧道的发展过程、现状与方向,同时根据现阶段的研究成果与工程经验对小净距隧道的技术要点进行了总结,提出了小净距隧道结构支护参数加强方法、中岩墙加固方法、施工控制措施、监控量测措施.     

留下至汪家埠段高架桥施工便桥设计

文章结合杭徽高速公路留下至汪家埠段高架桥工程实践,介绍了该主线桥施工便桥的设计方案,并通过受力计算,验证了该施工便桥设计的合理性。     

利用涌水的公路隧道消防供水系统

隧道涌水是施工、运营中引人关注的问题,文章以福建漳诏高速公路鼓志山隧道为例,介绍了利用隧道涌水取代深井系统取水、以高位水池重力流取代全自动加压供水的消防供水系统。     

船用开关电源的研究与设计

针对船舶环境,对元器件进行严格选型,专门设计了此款开关电源。测试结果表明,它的优势包括输出电压的调节范围大、干扰纹波小以及电能变换效率高。此外,当输出电流过大时,能够自动把输出电压拉低,自动进行过流保护。当过流状态消失时,电源能够自动恢复到正常供电状态。     

建议将“风险隧道专项地质调查”列入《铁路工程地质勘察规范》

针对地质特别复杂的长大隧道存在高风险地质灾害并危及施工安全的特殊条件,通过风险隧道专项地质调查实践,取得规避地质风险,确保施工安全的较好效果;为今后便于有据、有序、有效地组织开展这项工作,建议列入《铁路工程地质勘察规范》(TB10012-2001 J124-2007),将其规范化。     

浅析轮系设计实例

本文主要是通过对一个发动机附件轮系设计更改实例的分析,总结出一些轮系设计计算方面的关键点。     

A railway vehicle multibody model for real-time applications

Hardware in the loop (HIL) techniques are widely used for fast prototyping of control systems, electronic and mechatronic devices. In the railway field, several mechatronic on board subsystems are often tested and calibrated following the HIL approach. The accuracy of HIL tests depends on how the simulated virtual environment approximates the physical conditions. As the computational power available on real-time hardware grows, the demand for more complex and realistic models of railway vehicles for real-time application increases. In past research activities, the authors worked on the implementation of simplified real-time models for several applications and in particular for an HIL test rig devoted to the type approval of wheel slide protection systems. The activity has then been focused on the development of a three-dimensional model of the dynamics of a railway vehicle for more complex applications. The paper summarises the features and the results of the study.     

A fast-simplified wheel–rail contact model consistent with perfect plastic materials

A method is described which is an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity. This new method, which is an extension of the STRIPES semi-Hertzian (SH) model, has been implemented in a multi-body-system (MBS) package and does not result in a longer execution time than the STRIPES SH model [J.B. Ayasse and H. Chollet, Determination of the wheel–rail contact patch in semi-Hertzian conditions, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 43(3) (2005), pp. 161–172]. High speed of computation is obtained by some hypotheses about the plastic law, the shape of stresses, the locus of the maximum stress and the slip. Plasticity does not change the vehicle behaviour but there is a need for an extension of rolling contact models with respect to plasticity as far as fatigue analysis of rail is concerned: rolling contact fatigue may be addressed via the finite element method (FEM) including material non-linearities, where loads are the contact stresses provided by the post-processing of MBS results [K. Dang Van, M.H. Maitournam, Z. Moumni, and F. Roger, A comprehensive approach for modeling fatigue and fracture of rails, Eng. Fract. Mech. 76 (2009), pp. 2626–2636]. In STRIPES, like in other MBS models, contact stresses may exceed the plastic yield criterion, leading to wrong results in the subsequent FEM analysis. With the proposed method, contact stresses are kept consistent with a perfect plastic law, avoiding these problems. The method is benchmarked versus non-linear FEM in Hertzian geometries. As a consequence of taking plasticity into account, contact patch area is bigger than the elastic one. In accordance with FEM results, a different ellipse aspect ratio than the one predicted by Hertz theory was also found and finally pressure does not exceed the threshold prescribed by the plastic law. The method also provides more exact results with non-Hertzian geometries. The new approach is finally compared with non-linear FEM in a tangent case with a unidirectional load and a complete slip: when plasticity is taken into account, and for large adhesion values, friction forces have an influence on the size of the contact patch. The proposed approach enables also to assess extensively the level of plasticity along a track through an indicator associated with a given yield stress.