半刚性基层养护期干缩开裂发展过程的分析

通过试验研究了2种主要半刚性基层材料的失水收缩特性和间接拉伸强度，并运用基层板体的收缩摩擦模型定量地分析了施工养护期间半刚性基层的干缩裂缝发展过程中以及空间分布情况，为指导沥青混凝土路面半刚性基层施工提出建议。     

蛋白芯片技术对8种自身抗体的检测及其评价

目的　研究蛋白芯片技术对自身抗体检测的敏感性及特异性,探讨其对自身免疫性疾病的鉴别诊断价值,并对其方法学进行评估。方法　用胶体金标法、间接免疫荧光法及蛋白芯片法检测抗 ds- DNA;用免疫印迹法、蛋白芯片法检测抗Sm 、抗u1RNP 、抗SSA、抗SSB 、抗Rib- P、抗 Jo -1及抗 Scl- 70 7 种自身抗体,对检测结果进行统计学分析。结果　抗dsDNA抗体检测,蛋白芯片法优于胶体金标法 (P<0.01);皮肌炎和多发性肌炎(DM/PM)组 Jo -1 抗体(P<0.01)、混合性结缔组织病(MCTD)组u1RNP抗体(P<0.01)、硬皮病(PSS)组 Scl- 70 抗体(P<0.05),蛋白芯片法与免疫印迹法检测结果存在显著性差异;在 DM/PM组、PSS组、MCTD组,蛋白芯片法与免疫印迹法对自身免疫性疾病的鉴别诊断有显著性差别(P<0.05)。4种方法的总体敏感性依次为蛋白芯片法、免疫印迹法、间接免疫荧光法、胶体金标法。结论　蛋白芯片法检测项目多、简便快速、敏感性好、特异性强、分析客观,值得推广使用。     

地铁动力照明系统负荷对运营成本的影响

通过深圳地铁开通运行的实测数据,反映出目前地铁设计中配电变压器容量普遍偏大的情况,并指出设计负荷计算偏大的若干原因;通过计算,阐述配电变压器偏大对运营成本的影响。     

The environmental costs and economic implications of container shipping on the Northern Sea Route

The Northern Sea Route (NSR) has tremendous potential for ocean shipping between Europe and Asia due to the savings from shorter transit time and distance. However, the Arctic area is environmentally vulnerable and thus there is a trade-off between NSR’s impacts on environment vs. its economic benefits, especially when compared with the traditional route, such as through the Suez Canal Route (SCR). This study estimates the market shares of different transport modes and alternative shipping routes for the container transport market between Europe and Asia, and the resulting environmental costs. Our result suggests that NSR can be a viable option under the status quo. However, its environmental costs tend to be higher than SCR due to small ship size and low load factor in the present, thus the development of NSR would lead to worse environment outcomes. If these issues can be resolved, NSR can benefit from lower operational and environmental costs, which will lead to higher market share and social welfare. Otherwise, increased use of NSR may lead to higher total environment costs than the status quo.     

Incompleteness and clarity in bus contracts: Identifying the nature of the ex ante and ex post perceptual divide

In the transport sector, many types of contracts exist. Some are very precise, and strive for completeness; others are very ‘light-weight’ and are incomplete. Bus and coach contracts, won through competitive tendering or negotiation, are typically incomplete in the sense of an inability to verify all the relevant obligations, as articulated through a set of deliverables. This paper draws on recent experiences in contract negotiation, and subsequent commitment in the bus sector, to identify what elements of the contracting regime have exposed ambiguity and significant gaps in what the principal expected, and what the agent believed they were obliged to deliver. We develop a series of regression models to investigate the extent of discrepancy between the principal and the agents perceived ‘understanding’ of contract obligations. The empirical evidence, from a sample of bus operators, is used to identify the extent of perceived incompleteness and clarity across a sample of bus contracts. A noteworthy finding is the important role that a trusting partnership plays in reducing the barriers to establishing greater clarity of contract specification and obligations, and in recognition of the degree of contract completeness.     

Comparison of direct and indirect methods for minimum lap time optimal control problems

Minimum lap time simulations are especially important in the design, optimisation and setup of race vehicles. Such problems usually come in different flavours, e.g. quasi-steady state models vs. full dynamic models and pre-defined (fixed) trajectory problems vs. free trajectory problems. This work is focused on full dynamic models with free trajectory. Practical solution techniques include direct methods (i.e. solution of an nonlinear programming problem problem, widespread approach) and indirect method (i.e. based on Pontryagin's principle, less common, yet quite efficient in some cases). In this contribution the performance of the direct and indirect methods are compared in a number of vehicle-related problems.     

泡沫沥青冷再生混合料疲劳性能的探讨

依据现有热拌沥青混合料疲劳试验的研究成果,结合泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的特点,确定了疲劳试验的参数,即采用10 Hz半正弦波荷载进行劈裂疲劳试验.基于不同的级配以及不同的水泥含量,选用了5种不同级配的泡沫沥青冷再生混合料进行劈裂疲劳试验.根据试验结果将应力水平与疲劳寿命分别在单对数和双对数坐标上采用线性方程进行拟合.通过对疲劳方程分析表明,对于小应力比作用下,少量水泥所引发的脆性性质难以表现出来,而水泥和沥青的综合胶结作用会增强材料的抗疲劳性能;泡沫沥青冷再生混合料与粗粒式热拌沥青混合料相同应力比条件下的疲劳性能基本相当,同时发现在2%的水泥用量之内,增加水泥用量不会明显影响材料的抗疲劳性能.     

城市公交线网的一票制差异化票价策略优化

针对城市公交系统客流空间分布和线网运力配置不均衡问题,提出公交线路间差异化定价策略,通过价格杠杆调节客流需求分布. 针对我国普遍采用的一票制模式,在分析乘客广义出行费用的基础上,利用基于Logit 的线路间客流分配方法,并以总社会成本最低为目标,以满足输送能力和收费额度等为约束,建立了固定需求下的城市公交线网的差异化票价策略优化模型. 根据模型特点,设计了基于模拟退火算法的模型求解方法,综合优化各线路的票价水平和发车频率. 最后,将提出的模型和算法应用到典型公交线网上,算例结果表明,优化方法在较低的收费额度下即可实现较为明显的网络改善效果.     

间接法和捕捉法检测特异性IgM的敏感性与特异性的比较

目的比较捕捉法和间接法检测IgM时的特异性和敏感度差异,并探讨其产生差异的原因。方法分别用间接ELISA法和捕捉ELISA法检测活动性乙型肝炎和肾综合征出血热(HFRS)患者标本的IgM水平,并比较两者之间检出率、检测阈值、特异性的差异。结果检测稀释在PBS中的鼠抗IgM特异性抗体,两种方法的特异性和敏感度类似;检测活动性乙型肝炎和HFRS患者标本,间接法检测IgM的敏感度明显低于捕捉法;检测经二巯基乙醇处理后乙肝组和HFRS组标本,两种检测均为阴性,表明两种方法都具有针对IgM抗体的型特异性;交叉实验结果证明两种检测IgM的试剂均具有针对抗原的特异性。结论急性感染疾病的早期诊断、病毒的潜伏期感染和慢性感染的再次激活应使用捕捉法检测IgM,间接法检测IgM用于急性感染性疾病的诊断有待进一步探讨。     

北京市居民出行时间成本研究

采用收入法,考虑出行目的、出行方式等因素,给出居民出行时间成本计算的方法与步骤,将居民出行时间价值货币化。以北京市2000年和2005年为对象年,估算了分目的、分方式出行对应的单位时间价值,并根据历年交通调查的数据,获取了当年北京市全社会小汽车、公共交通(包括轨道交通)、出租汽车的平均出行时间和出行量,计算得到北京市全社会当年居民出行的时间成本。