新能源电力推进对比分析

文章基于全球低碳节能政策,研究并概述了直流微网新能源电力推进系统及其关键技术,对比了以太阳能、蓄电池、氢燃料电池等为主动力的电力推进系统,并分析其性能、综合效率及实际船舶应用,对推进绿色船舶、节能减排等具有重要的实际意义。     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行"三元素二阶段"处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失.机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对...     

考虑电动自行车骑行的非机动车道最大纵坡探讨

现行规范要求非机动车道的最大纵坡不超过3.5%,但要在山地城市、跨江桥梁两岸慢行系统衔接等场景下满足该要求存在工程占地大、造价高、可实施性差等问题,考虑到电动自行车在非机动车出行方式中占比越来越高的实际情况,以《电动自行车安全技术规范》（GB 17761—2018）规定的国标电动自行车为研究对象对骑行过程进行受力分析,提出了可满足电动自行车骑行要求的非机动车道最大纵坡参考值,可供电动车骑行占比高的类似项目参考。     

提高客车电气系统可靠性的措施

客车质量的好坏离不开电气系统的可靠性。简要介绍如何提高客车电气系统的可靠性。     

一种单片机控制的水温测试系统

由于现代多样的电子控制技术和电子控制理论的迅猛发展,高精度的机械在各类工业控制系统、生产线等方面的需求越来越大.其中以单片机为核心实现的数字控制器,因其体积小、简便易行等优点,而被广泛应用于各行各业.本文将单片机的温度控制系统作为设计核心,通过温度传感器、单片机等软件系统图,并利用软件编程,从而达到实现水温控制的目的....     

基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌防脱空主动监测

为解决二次衬砌脱空的问题,实现在浇筑过程中对衬砌脱空的主动监测,结合隧道二次衬砌衬背脱空的成因,研发基于分布式压密传感器的隧道衬砌脱空主动监测系统。该系统由分布式压密传感带、延长线、直显终端及工业电脑组成,具有原理简单、安装便捷等优点。通过在衬砌层间预埋分布式压密传感器,对浇筑过程进行主动监测,结合带模注浆技术,实现对衬砌脱空的精准注浆与快速处治,有效解决隧道衬砌脱空问题。在验证试验中,系统在浇筑过程中共发现2处拱顶空洞,证明该系统对脱空监测的有效性。同时,该系统在国内部分重点铁路线已经取得应用,现场应用情况表明,该系统对二次衬砌拱顶脱空的识别准确率可达到95.5%。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

汽车ACC毫米波雷达和视觉传感器目标级融合方法研究

自适应巡航控制系统是实现未来智能化汽车辅助驾驶的重要功能之一,以往该系统主要采用毫米波雷达感知周围环境,但是容易出现较多的误识别和漏识别情况.针对现存的问题,文章研究了自适应巡航感知系统,不同于以往单一雷达的方案,本设计采用毫米波雷达和视觉传感器融合的办法改善感知系统的性能.通过搭建电动车传感器数据采集系统,编写CAN...     

基于Matlab/Guide的中小型电动船舶船机桨匹配设计研究

在新船设计中,为了确定主机的功率、螺旋桨的最佳要素及正确的预报航速,使得船机桨达到良好的匹配,就需要对新船进行船机桨匹配设计。而传统的船机桨匹配设计主要是利用图谱法,但图谱法设计工作量较大,而且涉及到大量的图表和计算公式,因此影响计算结果精度。利用Matlab/Guide进行船机桨匹配设计、计算与分析的研究,使得在新船的船机桨匹配设计中,能够降低工作强度并提高设计结果的精度,让设计计算工作更加方便。     

A generic data assimilation framework for vehicle trajectory reconstruction on signalized urban arterials using particle filters

With trajectory data, a complete microscopic and macroscopic picture of traffic flow operations can be obtained. However, trajectory data are difficult to observe over large spatiotemporal regions—particularly in urban contexts—due to practical, technical and financial constraints. The next best thing is to estimate plausible trajectories from whatever data are available. This paper presents a generic data assimilation framework to reconstruct such plausible trajectories on signalized urban arterials using microscopic traffic flow models and data from loops (individual vehicle passages and thus vehicle counts); traffic control data; and (sparse) travel time measurements from whatever source available. The key problem we address is that loops suffer from miss- and over-counts, which result in unbounded errors in vehicle accumulations, rendering trajectory reconstruction highly problematic. Our framework solves this problem in two ways. First, we correct the systematic error in vehicle accumulation by fusing the counts with sparsely available travel times. Second, the proposed framework uses particle filtering and an innovative hierarchical resampling scheme, which effectively integrates over the remaining error distribution, resulting in plausible trajectories. The proposed data assimilation framework is tested and validated using simulated data. Experiments and an extensive sensitivity analysis show that the proposed method is robust to errors both in the model and in the measurements, and provides good estimations for vehicle accumulation and vehicle trajectories with moderate sensor quality. The framework does not impose restrictions on the type of microscopic models used and can be naturally extended to include and estimate additional trajectory attributes such as destination and path, given data are available for assimilation.