Predicting market potential and environmental benefits of deploying electric taxis in Nanjing,China

This paper investigates the market potential and environmental benefits of replacing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the taxi fleet in Nanjing, China. Vehicle trajectory data collected by onboard global positioning system (GPS) units are used to study the travel patterns of taxis. The impacts of charger power, charging infrastructure coverage, and taxi apps on the feasibility of electric taxis are quantified, considering taxi drivers’ recharging behavior and operating activities. It is found that (1) depending on the charger power and coverage, 19% (with AC Level 2 chargers and 20% charger network coverage) to 56% (with DC chargers and 100% charger network coverage) of the ICE vehicles can be replaced by electric taxis without driving pattern changes; (2) by using taxi apps to find nearby passengers and charging stations, drivers could utilize the empty cruising time to charge the battery, which may increase the acceptance of BEVs by up to 82.6% compared to the scenario without taxi apps; and (3) tailpipe emissions in urban areas could be significantly reduced with taxi electrification: a mixed taxi fleet with 46% compressed-natural-gas-powered (CNG) and 54% electricity-powered vehicles can reduce the tailpipe emissions by 48% in comparison with the fleet of 100% CNG taxis.     

一种商用车铅酸蓄电池状态监控系统的开发

本文介绍一种商用车铅酸蓄电池状态监控系统的开发,系统实现蓄电池传感器实时采集蓄电池状态参数信息,并通过TBOX将数据上传至后台服务器,进行数据存储分析及报警判断,并将亏电报警信息推送给手机客户端,提醒用户注意。同时,系统根据蓄电池SOC值的限值判断,进行电磁开关的切断控制,以保证车辆的正常起动。     

Plate scanning tools to obtain travel times in traffic networks

The management of vehicle travel times has been shown to be fundamental to traffic network analysis. To collect travel time measurement, some methods focus solely on isolated links or highway segments, and where two measurement points, at the beginning and at the end of a section, are deemed sufficient to evaluate users' travel time. However, in many cases, transport studies involve networks in which the problem is more complex. This article takes advantage of the plate scanning technique to propose an algorithm that minimizes the required number of registering devices and their location in order to identify vehicles candidates to compute the travel times of a given set of routes (or subroutes). The merits of the proposed method are explained using simple examples and are illustrated by its application to the real network of Ciudad Real.     

Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure

Optimal sensor placement on freeway corridor is of great interest to transportation authorities. However, current traffic sensors are easily subject to various failures. Therefore, it is necessary to incorporate sensor failure into the optimal sensor placement model. In this article, a two-stage stochastic model is proposed for the purpose of travel time estimation on freeway corridor. To balance the effectiveness and reliability, a stochastic conditional value at risk (CVaR) model is also proposed. Since both models are too complicated, a customized genetic algorithm is developed. Numerical experiments show that considering sensor failure makes a significant performance improvement in the sensor placement pattern. Sensitivity analysis is also applied to investigate the impact of a number of allowable sensors and different traffic sensor failure probability.     

基于小波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法研究

针对混合动力汽车(HEV)行驶状况(道路坡度和整车载荷)变化难以有效识别,导致驱动系统控制策略不能有效满足驾驶员意图问题,以混联式HEV为研究对象,提出了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识方法。首先建立了汽车行驶状况辨识模型,采用最小二乘法确立了优化目标函数,其次研究了基于小波滤波和粒子群算法的HEV行驶状况辨识原理,最后进行了行驶状况粒子群智能算法辨识试验。在采集实车数据的基础上,对实车数据进行小波滤波,并运用行驶状况辨识方法对道路坡度和整车载荷进行了辨识,并对辨识结果进行小波滤波,结果表明,试验工况下整车载荷辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为2.71%,道路坡度辨识的相对误差绝对平均值为3.85%,验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

基于名义应力法的动车组车体净水箱吊装部件疲劳强度分析

针对高速运行动车组车体悬挂设备振动疲劳损伤问题,以某型动车组车顶净水箱吊装结构为研究对象,采用名义应力法对吊装结构的焊缝部位进行疲劳强度评估.根据EN 12663标准确定净水箱的工作载荷工况,采用有限元法计算了各工况下结构的振动响应,并基于BS标准计算了焊缝疲劳评估点的寿命.假定各载荷工况出现频率相同的情况下,构造了工作载荷历程,采用Fe-safe软件对焊缝的疲劳寿命进行了仿真分析.两种方法分析结果均表明:焊缝1与焊缝2寿命最低,是结构最易发生疲劳破坏的位置;焊缝位于筋板表面的焊趾寿命低于位于主支撑板表面的焊趾寿命.     

冰区航行船舶电力推进轴系机电耦合的扭振分析

通过螺旋桨桨叶与冰块的相互作用过程,建立单冰块对螺旋桨扭转振动的激励函数;同时建立机电耦合振动数学模型,推导得到机电耦联动力学方程,研究电机电磁激励力对扭转振动的影响。以3500吨科考船电力推进轴系为研究对象,基于冰载荷激励力和电磁激励力对轴系扭转振动进行分析,为复杂的船舶电力推进轴系在冰区航行时的振动研究奠定了基础。     

船用复合材料接头全场应力测量方法研究

对应用锁相红外热成像技术测量复合材料结构应力的可行性进行了研究。基于正交各向异性复合材料的热弹性理论(TSA),提出了一种有效和简洁的试验标定方法。通过标定试验获取了玻璃钢材料合理的加载频率f以及热弹性耦合常数CK。对两种典型的船用玻璃钢复合材料连接接头内的应力分布进行了测量,通过与数值计算结果比较,表明锁相红外热成像技术是一种快速、高效、可靠的结构全场应力测量手段。     

基于PTC材料的限流保护研究现状

短路电流不断增大,采用限流的方式进行短路保护是一种有效的保护方式。使用PTC元件进行限流保护是一种新型的保护方式,具有可恢复性和可重复使用的特点,且对于大电流的分断具有很大的应用潜力。该文对现有限流保护技术进行总结与比对,对PTC研究存在问题进行系统分析,阐述罗列现有PTC种类以及适用用途,并对其耐压大电流冲击方案进行可行性分析。最后对其全文进行总结,给出限流应用PTC拟解决方案。     

船舶电力推进负载模拟系统研究

首先对船舶电力推进负载模拟系统的原理进行数学上的理论证明和推导,然后建立电力推进螺旋桨负载模拟系统,最后通过空间矢量脉冲宽度调制SVPWM控制算法,搭建Simulink仿真模型进行仿真。仿真结果证明,模拟系统所采用的模拟原理和方法的合理性。此方法也可应用于其他的电气传动模拟系统。