空气溢流系统设计

文章描述了空气溢流系统的基本概念和其常规设计,并对GL所提出的闭式燃油溢流系统及其相关的阻力计算进行了分析。     

机舱热发散控制用通风参数影响的模拟分析

针对船舶机舱发电机组、锅炉等高负荷热源,研究采用空气射流通风技术进行热发散控制。结合机舱的现场条件,建立机舱热发散控制的物理模型,选用计算流体力学的标准k-ε模型作为数值模拟计算模型。采用正交试验法对稳态条件下的送风速度、喷嘴高度、送风温度、送风湿度、排风速度等因素进行了模拟试验分析。试验得出不同通风因素对热发散控制效果影响的显著性大小排序：送风温度、送风速度、喷嘴高度、排风速度。结合试验分析结果提出了热发散通风控制的优方案和考虑节能后再优化调整方案。     

新型负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置

针对扭矩传感器静态校准无法完全满足实际需要的难题,设计一种新型100 N·m负阶跃动态扭矩校准装置,并阐述该装置的工作原理和关键技术。校准装置由扭矩产生装置、连接系统、制动系统、信号处理控制系统和空气轴承系统组成,利用火工拔销器产生负阶跃动态扭矩,较大程度上降低负阶跃动态扭矩的下降时间,并采用空气轴承的支承方式提高动态扭矩的传递精度。通过对试验数据进行分析和处理,结果表明该装置负阶跃扭矩产生时间低于0.1 ms。不确定度分析结果显示,该装置的扩展不确定度U为4.22%,扩展因子k为2。     

A fuzzy stochastic approach to the multicriteria selection of an aircraft for regional chartering

This article deals with the problem of decision support for the selection of an aircraft. This is a problem faced by an airline company that is investing in regional charter flights in Brazil. The company belongs to an economic group whose core business is logistics. The problem has eight alternatives to be evaluated under 11 different criteria, whose measurements can be exact, stochastic, or fuzzy. The technique chosen for analyzing and then finding a solution to the problem is the multicriteria decision aiding method named NAIADE (Novel Approach to Imprecise Assessment and Decision Environments). The method used allows tackling the problems by working with quantitative as well as qualitative criteria under uncertainty and imprecision. Another considerable advantage of NAIADE over other multicriteria methods relies in its characteristics of not requiring a prior definition of the weights by the decision maker. As a conclusion, it can be said that the use of NAIADE provided for consistent results to that aircraft selection problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响

与阻塞比和车速不同,隧道长度对瞬变压力的影响呈现出明显的非单调性。这是在高速铁路隧道设计中必须考虑的问题。根据现场实测资料,研究分析了压力波的传播、反射和叠加规律,提出了单线隧道相应于压力变化不同情况的"最不利隧道长度"的计算图表及公式。     

Toxic air pollutants and trucking productivity in the US

This paper introduces toxic air pollutants into the measurement of trucking productivity to obtain true productivity growth. Our results show that omitting or ignoring toxic air pollutants in measuring trucking productivity yields statistically significant biased productivity estimates in for 2002-2005. Trucking productivity growth was understated by the traditional productivity measure, because the latter did not account for reductions in truck air pollution over time. We also find that the difference between traditional and environmental efficiency scores was negligible, suggesting that environmental constraint did not distort efficiency in the trucking sector.     

大型钢吊箱围堰下水施工技术

介绍南京大胜关长江大桥7号墩底节钢吊箱围堰下水施工技术。     

浅谈汽车安全保护气囊系统

简述汽车安全气囊美国发展历史。这个历史表明，制定汽车安全气囊的法规颁布执行，有力地促进安全气囊技术的发展和完善，事实证明安全气囊成为不可争议的对大众有利的汽车安全设备。同时较详细论述了安全气囊的几个组成部分，以及设计思想和主要的技术难点，最后对于安全气囊中国如何发展提出了几点看法。     

沥青碎石混合料（ATB30）的级配试验与分析

采用泰波公式的不同幂指数n值和均匀设计法对沥青碎石混合料（ATB30）的级配进行了系统试验，分析了不同粒径粗集料含量与间隙率指标的关系，提出了选择嵌挤型混合料集料级配的相关结论。