注浆法在公路基层加固中的应用

鉴于当前公路基层的严重破坏,基层加固是必要的.从注浆法的优点、机理以及关键控制技术进行阐述,并从实践中得出了注浆法加固公路基层还在探索阶段,有待于在今后施工中不断完善这一结论.     

Corrosion rate measurements in steel sheet pile walls in a marine environment

Corrosion of steel structures in the marine environment is a major problem. The deterioration of this kind of structures is costly and difficult to predict both when designing new structures and when estimating the remaining service life time for existing structures. The aim of this investigation was to find indicative values for the corrosion rate of steel sheet piles on the Swedish west coast. Such corrosion rates (mm/year) can be used both when designing new structures by oversizing the steel thickness and when estimating the bearing capacity of existing sheet pile structures. Earlier investigations on the corrosion rates along the Swedish east coast – with salinity from about 0.2% to 0.8% – are still used today as guidelines for the corrosion rate of all steel structures in the Swedish maritime environment even though the salinity on the west coast can be as high as 3.0%.Steel sheet pile wharfs located in the port of Halmstad on the Swedish west coast were inspected by ultrasonic measurements. Three wharf structures with a total length of about 700 m were inspected. None of the inspected wharfs had or have had cathodic protection. The thickness measurements of the steel sheet pile structures were performed by divers.The age of the three inspected sheet pile structures ranged from 36 to 51 years. The dimensions of the original sheet pile sections are known. One of the quay structures is located along a river. The salinity at all wharfs varied from low values at the surface to approx. 2% at the bottom (also in the river outflow).The measured average corrosion rates were in the same order as the design values in the European code. However, the results indicate increased corrosion rates about 1 m below the mean water surface and at the level of the propellers from the ships berthing the most frequented of the inspected wharfs, 3–6 m below water surface.The tolerances of steel sheet thicknesses – usually in the order of ±6% – are often neglected when investigating the remaining thickness in steel sheet piles. A simple calculation model shows that the sheet pile must be almost 50 years of age before an accurate estimation on the corrosion rate can be made, considering the tolerances, if the true original sheet pile thickness is not known.     

沥青路面运营初期平整度竣工验收标准研究

采用数理统计原理,运用SPSS软件对陕西省7条高速公路交-竣工平整度数据进行分析,得出了陕南、关中和陕北地区路面平整度衰变幅度均值分别为0.39m/km、0.28m/km和0.24m/km,这也将作为计算竣工验收推荐值的依据;再基于交-竣工平整度变化规律,建立了平整度竣工验收推荐值的计算公式:IRIju=IRIji+IRIs,可为今后平整度竣工验收标准提供有效的理论依据。     

数控铣床加工低碳钢零件的进给速度优化

论述了数控铣床加工低碳钢零件时进给速度的优化问题．在基于加工效率（可等效转化为加工工时）和加工成本目标函数的基础上，对这两个目标函数运用多目标函数理论进行综合，得到了多目标综合函数．通过计算，并综合表面粗糙度，进而得到进给速度的优化范围，并对不同转速下的进给速度给出了相应的优化参数，目的更接近生产实际，使技术人员不仅了解影响生产效率和成本的因素，也可在实际生产的应用中更加快捷和方便．     

燃料辅助喷射对柴油机起动着火及排放的影响

为了研究辅助燃料对柴油机起动工况着火及排放的影响规律,在柴油机起动过程中,向进气道内分别喷射不同浓度的乙醚和C3H8进行了试验。试验结果表明:辅助喷射适当种类的燃料,可实现诱导、促进着火并改善燃烧的目的。辅助燃料除应具备良好的挥发性外,其着火性也是改善起动性能的重要因素。进气道喷射C3H8会抑制起动着火性,随喷射浓度的增加,燃烧恶化,HC排放升高;喷射适量浓度乙醚,可以促进起动过程着火,完全消除起动工况失火和不完全燃烧循环,在降低HC排放的同时,减少PM排放50%以上。     

LPG单燃料发动机稀薄燃烧控制策略研究

针对LPG单燃料发动机,基于旋转坐标系的独立气缸模型,提出了一种采用λ型氧传感器的稀薄燃烧控制策略,大大降低了线性氧传感器所带来的高昂成本,并实现了燃气喷射的逐缸控制。试验结果表明,该控制策略在满足系统动力要求的前提下,大大降低了燃气的消耗及废气的排放,具有良好的应用前景。     

混合动力汽车电池放电终止状态判断方法

分析比较几种判断铅酸电池放电终止状态的方法，指出这些以恒流放电特性为基础的放电终止状态判断标准不适于在变电流放电状态下工作的混合动力电动汽车用电池；U-C曲线斜率法考虑了变电流放电因素，适用于混合动力电动汽车电池管理系统对电池终止放电状态进行实时判断。     

小样本条件下混凝土强度代表值的确定

针对小样本混凝土强度代表值确定时不能利用数理统计模型的问题,引入了信息扩散原理,提出了小样本条件下混凝土强度代表值确定的实用计算模型。2个混凝土强度检测案例的计算结果表明,利用《公路工程质量检验评定标准》(JTJ071-98)进行灌注桩芯样混凝土强度代表值确定,得到的代表值保证率在95%左右波动,具有不确定性;利用《超声回弹综合法检测混凝土强度技术规程》(CECS 02:88)进行单一构件混凝土强度推定,推定值的保证率小于95%,对结构的可靠性鉴定而言是偏于不安全的,应引起试验检测人员的充分重视。     

整车试制阶段的电器故障诊断方法

以整车装车与跑车验证案例为背景，讨论汽车开发过程中汽车电器故障诊断的方法，阐述如何应用零部件置换原则来分析故障的重要性等级（significance）。